Biomedical subjects

C W Parks

Publications and source records attributed to C W Parks.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Effects of virginiamycin and a mannanoligosaccharide-virginiamycin shuttle program on the growth and performance of large white female turkeys.

Shuttle programs involving dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and virginiamycin (VM) were evaluated in turkeys by their effects on growth performance, body weight uniformity, and carcass yield characteristics. Diets containing no growth promoter (control), VM (22 mg/kg), or a shuttle program (MOS-VM) of MOS (0 to 6 wk of age at 500 mg/ kg) and VM (6 to 14 wk of age at 22 mg/kg) were fed to Hybrid female turkeys. All diets were formulated to exceed NRC nutrient requirements. Each treatment was assigned to 8 replicate floor pens containing 20 birds that were reared from 1 to 98 d of age. Body weights and feed consumption were recorded at 3-wk intervals, and mortality and culled birds were recorded daily. At the conclusion of the trial, 2 birds per pen were randomly chosen for carcass yield analysis. Feeding VM alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight compared with control fed birds during all periods. The MOS-VM shuttle program resulted in early growth depression for birds less than 3 wk of age, possibly influenced by an unplanned cold stress, but better growth than the nonmedicated control birds after 6 wk of age. Birds fed VM had superior (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio from 0 to 3 wk, which persisted until 14 wk (P < 0.10). There were no treatment effects on overall feed consumption, uniformity, mortality, or cull rate. Processing yields or weight of various parts were also unaffected by treatment.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

Effect of wheat enzyme preparation on the performance characteristics of Tom turkeys fed wheat-based rations.

Wheat contains 5 to 8% nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). The NSP complex forms a viscous mass when fully hydrated, which impedes the absorption of nutrients from chyme and causes reduced growth performance and osmotic diarrhea and associated wet litter. These adverse effects can be alleviated by appropriate enzyme supplementation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of endoxylanase and beta-glucanase enzyme mixtures supplemented to wheat-based diets on growth performance characteristics of turkeys. Seven-day-old Large White male turkeys were randomly assigned to 40 litter floor pens of 12 poults each as a completely randomized block design arrangement of four experimental treatments and were raised to 140 d. The dietary treatment consisted of a control treatment (no supplemental enzyme) and three dietary enzyme treatments: 1) Lyxasan forte, 2) Natugrain Blend, and 3) Natugrain. Body weight, feed consumption, and mortality were recorded weekly. Feather condition was evaluated at 98 d of age. Natugrain Blend improved BW at 84 d (P < 0.075) and 112 d (P < 0.01) in comparison to the unsupplemented control diet. Lyxasan forte had the best feed/gain ratio throughout the experiment. Subjective feather condition score was significantly improved (P < 0.05) by all the three enzyme treatments and corresponded with reduced incidence of neck and back picking behavior. The enzyme treatment groups had lower mortality than the control group with the Natugrain blend treatment having the lowest mortality rate through the experiment. The results of this experiment demonstrate marginal improvement in growth performance of turkeys depending upon enzyme formulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The effect of mannanoligosaccharides, bambermycins, and virginiamycin on performance of large white male market turkeys.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), bambermycins (BAM), and virginiamycin (VIR) on the growth performance of male turkeys. Hybrid Large White male poults were assigned to six dietary treatments: control, MOS, BAM, VIR, MOS+BAM (MB), and MOS+VIR (MV). All diets were formulated to meet NRC (1994) nutrient requirements. There were eight replicate floor pens per treatment with 20 birds per pen reared from 1 to 140 d. Body weight and feed conversion (FC) were collected at 3-wk intervals and at 20 wk of age. Mortality and culled birds were recorded daily. All treatments except MV significantly (P < 0.05) increased 20 wk BW. Body weight was increased at 12 wk by BAM, whereas VIR increased BW at Weeks 12 and 15. All treatments improved FC for Weeks 0 to 3, whereas VIR, MB, and MV improved FC for Weeks 0 to 12 and 0 to 18. There were no treatment effects on cumulative mortality or cull rate. Dietary supplemental MOS, BAM, and VIR resulted in improved growth performance of Large White turkeys. These results indicate that MOS may be utilized as an alternative to antibiotic growth promotants to improve turkey performance.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1986

Cognitive and social functioning across adulthood: age or student status differences?

Younger adult students between 19 and 24 years of age (M = 21.3 years), older adult students between 61 and 76 years of age (M = 67.9 years), and older adult nonstudents between 62 and 76 years of age (M = 68.5 years) were assessed for health (self-ratings of physical and mental health), social functioning (self-ratings of physical and mental activity, perceived role activity level, perceived roles, locus of control, and age-norm expectations), and cognitive functioning (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised vocabulary and block design, and paired associate memory). Age differences were observed in self-ratings of health, social roles, intellectual performance, and memory. No student status differences were observed. The results are discussed in terms of plasticity of intellectual function and characteristics of student status in later adulthood.

Adult↗