Regeneration microelectrode array for peripheral nerve recording and stimulation.
A microelectrode array capable of recording from and stimulating peripheral nerves at prolonged intervals after surgical implantation has been demonstrated. The microelectrode array, fabricated on a silicon substrate perforated by multiple holes (referred to as via holes), is implanted between the ends of a surgically severed nerve. Regenerating tissue fixes the device in place to provide a stable mapping between the microelectrodes and the axons in the nerve. Processes were developed for the fabrication of thin-film iridium microelectrodes, micromachined via holes, and silicon nitride passivation layers. All fabrication methods were designed to be compatible with standard CMOS/BiCMOS processes to allow for on-chip signal processing circuits in future designs. Such arrays, implanted in the peroneal nerves of rats, were used to record from and stimulate the nerves at up to 13 months postoperatively.