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Biomedical subjects

C W Venables

Publications and source records attributed to C W Venables.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serial use of aprotinin and incidence of allergic reactions.

Allergic reactions to aprotinin, a polypeptide, have been reported on several occasions. A survey of 136 courses of aprotinin, given to patients with gastric cancer as a protease inhibitor, has shown an incidence of less than 1% of acute anaphylaxis and a similar incidence of minor allergic responses. Two cases of acute allergic responses are described. Fifteen patients received repeated courses of aprotinin at 6-weekly intervals and no allergic phenomena were detected. Provided patients are challenged intra-dermally or with eye drops before each course, it is considered that aprotinin is safe to use in repeated fashion.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1982

Chronic pancreatitis as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Chronic pancreatitis is an infrequently considered cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Four cases are described who presented to a surgical unit in a year. One patient bled down the main pancreatic duct from a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm, one had a fatal haemorrhage from a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm which ruptured into the duodenum, and two were considered to have bled from vessels in the stomach or colon which were involved in the peripancreatic inflammatory tissues. The difficulties in diagnosing these patients are described and the report emphasises that the diagnosis should be considered in obscure cases of gastrointestinal bleeding especially where there is a history of alcohol abuse and left upper quadrant or epigastric pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sulphasalazine and spermatogenesis.

The semen of 11 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with sulphasalazine (Salazopyrin) was analysed and compared with that of 6 men with similar disease not treated with the drug. The treated group had significantly reduced sperm population density and motility compared with the untreated group. Both groups had high numbers of abnormal spermatozoa compared with the standard for our laboratory, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for this parameter. Sulphasalazine has a deleterious effect on spermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): a new material for the construction of gastrointestinal cannulae.

The advantages of polytetrafluoroethylene cannulae are that they are resistant to chemical attack, light in weight, not brittle, inexpensive, adaptable, and they cause minimal tissue reaction. The design of cannulae for cannulation of gastric and duodenal fistulae, and drainage of pouches of the stomach is described. Similar cannulae offer many possibilities for use in other systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Endoscopic sphincterotomy before pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the operation of choice for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, but the presence of severe jaundice in almost all patients with ampullary neoplasia is a major contributory factor to the high incidence of complications and hospital mortality after the operation. To achieve biliary decompression in five patients endoscopic sphincterectomy was performed at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The procedure was successful in achieving biliary drainage in all cases and was without appreciable morbidity. All five patients subsequently underwent identical resections, the interval to operation being decided by the speed of resolution of the jaundice; minor pancreatic leaks in two patients were the only complications. None of the patients died. These results suggest, therefore, that endoscopic sphincterotomy should be performed at the time of duodenoscopy if an obstructive ampullary tumour is found.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Stimulated gastric prostaglandin output, and the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, in the conscious cat.

1. In the conscious gastric fistula cat there was no correlation between the outputs of gastric acid and PGE secreted in response to incremental doses of pentagastrin and histamine acid phosphate. 2. PGE secreted in response to pentagastrin and histamine was not dose dependent. 3. Flurbiprofen significantly inhibited the gastric output of PGE but did not influence acid or pepsin secretion. Inhibition of PGE secretion was accompanied by evidence of gastric mucosal haemorrhage. 4. It is concluded that gastric juice PGE is unlikely to be involved in the physiological control of acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

What is involved in endoscopic sphincterotomy for gallstones?

This study reports our first year's experience of endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones. Forty patients were considered for the procedure and it was attempted in 37. An effective endoscopic sphincterotomy was eventually achieved in 32 (86 cases per cent), 7 after a "pre-cut". Twenty-three patients passed stones spontaneously (72 per cent), 6 could not be reassessed and 3 still had stones present (9 per cent). Bed occupancy was 9.5 +/- 5.9 days. Complications occurred in 30 per cent, the most common being pancreatitis in 6 cases with 1 death. It is concluded that endoscopic sphincterotomy offers a valuable alternative to surgery in the management of common bile duct stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Gastrointestinal bleeding. Advances in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding.

The management of patients with major gastrointestinal haemorrhage remains a significant challenge. While technological advances have certainly occurred and will continue, it is likely that greater benefit will accrue from the application of simple measures than by any of these new techniques. For example, the concentration of these patients into a single unit dealing with this condition will probably lead to a greater reduction in the overall mortality rate than the application of laser photocoagulation, electrocoagulation, or any other of the methods described above. Finally, a wider recognition of the factors that lead to a poor prognosis following surgery (which remains the final management for most patients) and how they may be prevented should produce a reduction in the mortality rate.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1979

Endogenous prostaglandins and stimulated gastric secretion in the cat: the effect of various secretory inhibitors.

1. The effects of cimetidine, somatostatin and atropine upon the outputs of acid, pepsin, prostaglandins (PG) E and F in gastric juice secreted in response to i.v. infusions of pentagastrin and histamine (H) have been studied in the conscious gastric fistula cat. 2. At constant rate infusions secretion of PGE occurs and follows a similar pattern to that of gastric acid. However the ratio of H:PGE varies considerably and to an extent inexplicable in terms of assay variation. 3. Inhibition of acid output is matched by inhibition of the output of PGE, but changes in concentration of PGE suggest this is a volume related phenomenon. 4. It is concluded that gastric juice PGE is most unlikely to have a regulatory effect upon acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Endogenous prostaglandins in peptic ulcer disease.

Plasma concentrations of prostaglandins E and F have been measured by radioimmunoassay in patients undergoing diagnostic upper intestinal endoscopy. The results fail to support a previously reported deficiency of plasma PGE in duodenal ulcer patients. Plasma prostaglandin concentrations failed to correlate with the parameters of gastric secretion studied; and were unaffected by histamine H2-receptor blockade or the activity of duodenal ulceration. During combined pentagastrin and insulin secretory studies there was a significant correlation between the outputs of PGE and acid into gastric juice.

Adolescent↗