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Biomedical subjects

C Wallrauch

Publications and source records attributed to C Wallrauch.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Azithromycin versus cefaclor in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

An open, comparative multicenter study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (10 mg/kg) given once daily for three days in comparison with cefaclor (30 mg/kg) divided into three daily doses and given for a period of ten days. One hundred and twenty-two children aged 1-12 years with clinical symptoms of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis and a positive throat culture were randomly allocated to the treatment groups. Overall, the clinical success (cure or improvement) of both regimens was identical in the evaluable patients (86.3%, 44 of 51 patients in either treatment group). In contrast, bacterial eradication after completion of treatment was lower with azithromycin than with cefaclor. Possible reasons for this discrepancy between clinical success and eradication rates could be antibiotic resistance, pre-disease carriage or insufficient dosage. Both agents were well tolerated; only mild or moderate side effects most frequently involving the gastrointestinal tract, were recorded in either therapy group.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Use of mechanical autotransfusion in maxillofacial surgery in the mouth, jaw and face].

OBJECTIVE: In maxillofacial surgery considerable blood loss is not uncommon. However, the use of autologous blood collected from the site of surgery is controversial. METHODS: Bacterial contamination of blood collected for autologous retransfusion was studied by standard microbiological methods in 25 patients undergoing elective non-malignant maxillofacial surgery. Swabs were taken from the pharynx and from the collected blood before and after routine treatment. The autologous blood was not used for transfusion. Preoperative antibiotic treatment consisted in amoxicilline plus clavulanic acid. RESULTS: The blood prepared for retransfusion was free of bacteria in only one case, while 24 samples contained up to five different bacterial species including some strains not preexistent in the pharyngeal swabs. CONCLUSION: Blood collected from the site of operation is not suitable for retransfusion in maxillofacial surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Antibiotic resistance of enterococci in Germany].

BACKGROUND: The resistance of enterococci against various antimicrobial substances including vancomycin has increased markedly. Since 1989 in the USA in particular high resistance rates against vancomycin have been observed but very few surveillance have been published in Europe. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study in Germany to obtain information about the incidence and distribution of vancomycin and/or high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci. METHODS: A total of 2046 enterococcal isolates were identified and susceptibility-testing was performed according to international guidelines. RESULTS: A total number of 90.5% of the enterococcal isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and 7.8% was Enterococcus faecium. Resistance against ampicillin was detected in 56.6% of the Enterococcus faecium isolates, however, in only one Enterococcus faecalis isolate. High-level resistance against gentamycin or streptomycin was observed in 7.3% and 24.8% of the isolates, respectively. Twelve isolates showed resistance against vancomycin, however, cross resistance with teicoplanin was found in only two isolates. CONCLUSION: The rate of resistance of enterococci in Germany is still considerably lower than in the United States. Previous vancomycin therapy has been implemented as a risk factor for colonization or infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Continued vigilance, decreased use of vancomycin and strict enforcement of infection control measures are appropriate measures to control the growing problem of resistant enterococci.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1996

In vitro activity of trovafloxacin in combination with ceftazidime, meropenem, and amikacin.

The in vitro activity of trovafloxacin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, meropenem, and amikacin was studied by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 111 gram-negative and 71 gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the synergy of these combinations against 46 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms was studied by checkerboard titration and time-kill kinetics. Trovafloxacin exhibited excellent in vitro activity against all strains tested. Synergism was observed in 17% of the gram-negative strains and in 32% of the gram-positive strains. No antagonism was observed with any of the combinations tested.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1995

[Streptococcus B screening with GBS medium in obstetrics].

Pregnant women and newborn infants were screened for group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization by obtaining paired swabs from the cervix and urethra for the former group and from the ear, nose, umbilical cord, gastric juice and membranes for the latter. One swab was cultured on blood agar; the other was inoculated into serum-starch broth (GBS medium), which allows identification of GBS by production of a characteristic orange-colored pigment. From the 2105 paired swabs obtained, a total of 158 were GBS positive by either method; of these, 154 (97.5%) were recovered by the GBS medium and 89 (56.3%) by blood agar plate. No false positive color reactions were observed with GBS medium. 75% of the positive GBS media could be read within 24 h of incubation. The use of GBS medium proved to be an easy and reliable method for screening of maternal and neonatal GBS colonization.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1995

[In vitro activity of sparfloxacin against methicillin-resistant staphylococci].

The antimicrobial activity of sparfloxacin (CAS 110871-86-8) against 154 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was investigated and compared with that of 6 other fluoroquinolones. The isolates consisted of 100 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 29 Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and 25 other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Sparfloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin and the other fluoroquinolones against all strains tested. The MIC90 of sparfloxacin against the 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was 8 mg/l, while that of ciprofloxacin was > or = 64 mg/l. Moreover, ciprofloxacin-susceptible MRSA isolates were inhibited by sparfloxacin at a concentration of < or = 0.06 mg/l. The other quinolones had an MIC90 ranging from 0.5 mg/l to 4 mg/l against ciprofloxacin-susceptible MRSA. Similar results were obtained for the MRSE and CNS isolates tested. As many as 90% of the ciprofloxacin-susceptible microorganisms were inhibited at a concentration of < or = 0.06 mg/l or 0.125 mg/l of sparfloxacin. The MIC90 of sparfloxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant CNS and MRSE were 4 mg/l and 8 mg/l, respectively. Sparfloxacin was clearly more active than any of the other quinolones against all species tested, although higher concentrations were needed to inhibit ciprofloxacin-resistant staphylococci.

Anti-Infective Agents↗