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Biomedical subjects

C Watson

Publications and source records attributed to C Watson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Derivation of a monoclonal anti-murine IL-4 antibody specific for an epitope expressed on denatured molecules.

Monoclonal antibodies to interleukin 4 (IL-4) were generated by immunization with recombinant IL-4 and screening by binding to IL-4 adsorbed to plastic surfaces. Three antibodies were obtained that scored well in this assay and one, 13E1, was studied in detail. It was very effective in detecting IL-4 by Western blotting whereas a neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody, 11B11, was 50-100-fold less sensitive as a detecting agent. Sequential immunoprecipitation and biosynthetic labelling studies indicated that the 11B11 and 13E1 epitopes are largely expressed on different forms of IL-4. 13E1 was able to detect cytosolic IL-4 both by immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis of fixed cells. This was routinely successful in an insect cell line (Sf9) expressing large amounts of IL-4 as a result of infection with a recombinant 'IL-4 baculovirus'. Although stimulated D10 cells could also be shown to express IL-4 in their cytosol, positive results were not obtained in all such studies and we have failed to detect IL-4 production by normal T cells using this method. This antibody may have substantial value in detecting IL-4 by Western blots and as a tool to analyze the biosynthesis of IL-4. With suitable improvement in sensitivity, it also may prove valuable in the detection of IL-4 in the cytosol of individual cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Necrosis of the incus by the chorda tympani nerve.

Ossicular necrosis is often associated with chronic adhesive otitis media. An unusual abnormality discovered in an incus removed during tympanoplasty is reported. The long process appears to have been grooved by pressure from the chorda tympani. An alternative theory to explain the vulnerability of the long process of the incus is suggested.

Chorda Tympani Nerve↗
PubMed1992

Anatomic basis of amygdaloid and hippocampal volume measurement by magnetic resonance imaging.

Both the amygdala and the hippocampus are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of neurologic conditions, including temporal lobe epilepsy, postanoxic amnesia, and Alzheimer's disease. To enhance the investigation and management of patients with these disorders, we developed a protocol to measure the volumes of the amygdala and as much of the hippocampus as possible (approximately 90 to 95%) using high-resolution MRI. We present the anatomic basis of these two protocols and our results in normal control subjects. These volumetric studies of the amygdala may clarify the role of this structure in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High-level production of murine interleukin-5 (IL-5) utilizing recombinant baculovirus expression. Purification of the rIL-5 and its use in assessing the biologic role of IL-5 glycosylation.

We describe here a recombinant baculovirus expression system useful for high level production of murine recombinant interleukin-5 (rIL-5). In addition, we describe a single-step technique of purification of the rIL-5 from the baculovirus-infected Sf9 cell supernatants, using an anti-IL-5 affinity column. The baculovirus-derived rIL-5 has physical properties and functional activities in various lymphoid cell assays similar to those of natural T cell-derived IL-5 and reacts with anti-IL-5 antibodies. Finally, the rIL-5 is similar to natural T cell-derived IL-5 in manifesting heterogeneous glycosylation; however, glycosylation does not appear to be necessary for biologic function, at least in a lymphoid cell proliferation assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Drug use patterns in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities 1986-1987.

During April to November 1986 and May to October 1987, a systematic survey of patterns of use of alcohol, kava, tobacco and analgesics by Northern Territory Aboriginal people aged 15 years and older was conducted. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the prevalence of drug use, the frequency of drug use and the quantity of drugs used. In addition, information about Aboriginal people's perceptions of the drugs, their beliefs about drug use and the value of drugs in their culture was collected. This paper describes only the quantitative aspects of drug use of this population. A stratified sampling procedure was used to sample 10 per cent of the target population. Using two survey instruments, an individual questionnaire and a group questionnaire, data were gathered from 1764 Aboriginal people living in the Northern Territory. As a whole, the Northern Territory Aboriginal people have a drug consumption pattern quite distinct from urban Australians.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Senior registrar training in otolaryngology: an audit of trainees.

Senior registrars in otolaryngology were asked to complete a questionnaire about the opportunities for training and research offered by their current post. Trainees were asked whether, in their opinion, the post complied with the SAC requirements for a training post. Completed replies were received from 53 (66%) trainees. Most trainees were fairly satisfied with their post but 26% considered that it did not meet with the ideals of a training post as laid down by the SAC. Large variations were noted between posts in the exposure to specialist clinics, own operating lists and research opportunities. Outpatient experience and, in particular, whether the trainee was able to follow up their own post-operative cases adequately appeared to be an important determinant in whether or not trainees were satisfied with their current post.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

Status epilepticus. Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment.

During the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the clinical features, classification, pathophysiology, central nervous system consequences, and treatment of status epilepticus. The most commonly used drug regimens have advantages and disadvantages, and, in this review, I recommend a protocol for the treatment of status epilepticus. An important concept in the approach to patients in generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus is that treatment should be administered within a predetermined time frame. Clinical and experimental research indicates that continuous seizure activity for longer than 60 to 90 minutes may result in irreversible brain damage. As our understanding of the basic mechanisms of neuronal function and seizure generation advances, it is expected that more specific and novel approaches to the treatment of status epilepticus will emerge.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1990

Osteochondroma of the tongue.

A case is described of osteochondroma of the tongue and the literature on osteomata, chondromata and osteochondromata of the tongue is reviewed. The tendency for these tumours to arise in the region of the foramen caecum has been noted in previous reports as has the female preponderance. It has been suggested that they arise from remnants of branchial arch cartilage. The variation in the duration and age at presentation of the lesion has not been explained and an alternative theory is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Chronic otitis media: the significance of nasal obstruction.

The nasal airway resistance of 15 patients with unilateral chronic otitis media and 15 controls was measured by anterior active rhinomanometry. Airway resistance was measured on each side before and after decongestion to differentiate resistance due to structural abnormality from that due to mucosal swelling. The nasal resistance was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) on the side of the affected ear in patients with unilateral chronic otitis media before decongestion, but following decongestion the difference was not significant. Nasal obstruction is a significant determinant in unilateral chronic otitis media and although septal displacement may be the underlying cause, the major component of the obstruction appears to be due to an associated mucosal oedema.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Tennis elbow. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases followed for 2 years.

Twenty-two elbows in 20 patients with persistent lateral pain due to epicondylitis had release of the common extensor origin and decortication of the lateral epicondyle. Specimens taken from the lateral epicondyle were examined histologically and compared with controls, and patients were reviewed clinically 2 (1/2-4) years after operation. Following surgery, symptoms were improved in 17 patients. Histologic examination of the bone-tendon junction revealed evidence of a repair response of variable degree, the most frequent features being mucopolysaccharide infiltration and bone formation. Fibrofatty degenerative changes were also present in some cases. There was no correlation between the intensity of the histologic reaction and the clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Adjunct executive appointment for faculty. An innovation in nursing collaboration.

The need for collaboration has never been greater. The healthcare delivery system faces unprecedented challenges arising from prospective payment, competition in the marketplace, higher patient acuity levels, and a shortage of professional nursing staff. The authors discuss a service-education collaboration model based on adjunct executive appointments of faculty members to healthcare organizations. The authors describe the model, a conceptual framework to guide its development, case studies of its implementation, and a summary of the benefits and risks associated with the initial implementation of the model.

Hospitals, Community↗
PubMed1990

Bilateral mammary artery bypass and sternal dehiscence. A favorable outcome.

The efficacy of mammary artery bypass for coronary artery disease has been well established. The present retrospective series of consecutive patients was scrutinized to assess the incidence of sternal dehiscence following myocardial revascularization using the right and left internal mammary arteries. For comparison, the consecutive group of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization with unilateral internal mammary artery bypass was analyzed for similar sternal complications. In a consecutive series of patients, 277 patients underwent myocardial revascularization using the right and left internal mammary arteries for bypass. The overall operative mortality in this group of patients was 0.722 per cent. In this group there was an overall incidence of seven sternal dehiscences, both partial and complete for an incidence of 2.52 per cent. Upon analysis, it was shown that the female sex and diabetes were the conditions that most likely predisposed to the occurrence of sternal dehiscence whether partial or complete. For comparison, a consecutive group of 413 patients were analyzed for similar demographic data and results. The overall operative mortality in this group was 1.21 per cent. The overall incidence of sternal dehiscence both partial and complete, was 0.484 per cent. Both instances of sternal dehiscence occurred in diabetic patients and the data indicates, as in the bilateral internal mammary artery group, the presence of diabetes predisposed to the occurrence of this complication. The low overall incidence of sternal dehiscence in the expanded use of the mammary arteries should not deter the surgeon from aggressive use of the mammary arteries. One should use caution, however, in using bilateral mammary artery grafts in diabetics, women, and to a lesser extent, patients more than 70 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Provision of hearing aids: does specialist assessment cause delay?

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main delay in the provision of hearing aids for people with impaired hearing and identify possible problems and short-comings caused by a community based hearing aid dispensing service. DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis based on data collected from patients on the duration of hearing impairment, from the referral letters in respect of the general practitioners' findings on otoscopy, and from the ear, nose, and throat assessment in the clinic with respect to the outcome of specialist otoscopy and management of the hearing impairment. SETTING: General ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic. PATIENTS: 100 Consecutive patients aged 19-94 referred by general practitioners for the provision of hearing aids or for assessment and treatment of impaired hearing. RESULTS: Most patients with impaired hearing did not seek medical advice for at least a year. The time from referral by the general practitioner to the provision of a hearing aid was under two months. General practitioners consistently recognised normality on otoscopy but failed to recognise abnormality in eight of 45 cases. Seven patients required further investigation to exclude serious disease and nine had conditions amenable to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of delay in treating impaired hearing is failure by patients to seek help promptly. Specialist assessment of patients with impaired hearing is preferable and does not necessarily cause delay in providing hearing aids. The provision of hearing aids should remain a hospital based service.

Adult↗