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Biomedical subjects

C Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to C Weiner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of single-dose cefmetazole and cefotetan prophylaxis in women undergoing primary caesarean section.

The efficacies of a single 2 g intra-operative iv dose of cefmetazole or cefotetan in women undergoing non-elective Caesarean section were compared. Thirty-six women (18 in each group) completed the double-blind protocol. Both antibiotics were equally effective as agents for prophylaxis of post-Caesarean infections. Combined data suggest that routine multi-dose antibiotic prophylaxis regimens could be replaced by a single dose regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence of plasma heparin neutralizing activity and the effect of treatment on it in women with a gynecologic malignancy.

Plasma samples from some women with a variety of advanced gynecologic malignancies have been shown to neutralize exogenous heparin. The purposes of this investigation were to determine the prevalence of neutralizing activity in a referral population of women with a gynecologic malignancy and to determine whether the level of neutralizing activity is related either to histology or stage or whether it is affected by treatment. One hundred thirty-eight patients were studied over a 1-year interval; 121 had a documented malignancy, 16 were healthy, and one had a benign ovarian neoplasm. The mean heparin neutralizing activity in the healthy patients was 4.5% +/- 7% and it was 46.2% +/- 26% in the group with malignancy (p less than 0.0000, two-tailed). Seventy-five percent of all patients with malignancy had neutralizing activity greater than 25%. The percent of staged, untreated patients with neutralizing activity increased significantly with advancing stage (from 59% with stage I to 85% with stages III and IV disease). There was no significant relationship between neutralizing activity and histology, site of origin, or patient weight. In 10 patients in whom the disease outcome was clear, the change in neutralizing activity reflected (or predicted) the response to therapy. We conclude that heparin neutralizing activity is a generalized phenomenon in women with one of the malignancies studied, and it may potentially be useful in the evaluation of the patient's response to therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The interaction between serotonin and angiotensin II in the chronically instrumented guinea pig and its alteration by indomethacin.

We examined the effect of a subthreshold infusion of serotonin on the angiotensin II pressor response in the chronically instrumented pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pig before and after administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. Arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in the pregnant animal (p = 0.0135). An infusion of serotonin, which failed to alter the blood pressure, pulse, or uterine artery flow velocity, significantly increased the pressor response to angiotensin II infused at 3.5, 7.5, 14.5, and 29 ng/kg/min in both the pregnant (p = 0.0001) and, to a lesser degree, the nonpregnant animal (p = 0.004). Pretreatment with indomethacin heightened the angiotensin pressor effect significantly in the pregnant group (p = 0.0001) and to a near-significant degree in the nonpregnant group (p = 0.074). However, indomethacin enhanced the angiotensin II-serotonin synergism only in the pregnant animal (p = 0.0008). The angiotensin II-serotonin synergism persisted after pretreatment with the sympathetic blocking agent bretylium tosylate. We concluded that serotonin augments the pressor effect of angiotensin II in the pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pig; however, this synergism is potentiated by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis only in the pregnant animal.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

In utero bladder diversion--problems with patient selection.

Based upon the concept that an obstruction-maldevelopment sequence is reversible after diversion, it has been suggested that the fetus with a bladder outlet obstruction is a potential candidate for in utero intervention. We report an infant who had both renal and pulmonary dysplasia at birth despite a technically successful diversion at 22 weeks' gestation. The poor outcome suggests that the organ damage either occurs so early that it precludes corrective surgery, or that the maldevelopment is not the result of obstruction, but rather a primary mesodermal defect.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Antenatal diagnosis and palliative treatment of nonimmune hydrops fetalis secondary to pulmonary extralobar sequestration.

The causes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis are multiple. Despite the fact that many of the affected fetuses are otherwise free of fatal abnormalities, many die in the neonatal period from pulmonary hypoplasia. The overall perinatal mortality is as high as 80%. Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is an abnormal and nonaerated mass of extra pulmonary-located lung tissue supplied by a systemic artery, and is a rare cause of nonimmune hydrops. In the only two published reports, the hydropic fetuses died at birth. Both the first antenatal diagnosis of this disorder and the first attempt at palliative in utero therapy are reported herein. Though the fetus ultimately delivered prematurely and succumbed, treatment was associated with both subjective improvements in fetal well-being and objective reversal of the hydrops.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Preeclampsia is not associated with excess fetal clotting.

Paired maternal and umbilical vein blood samples were obtained from 15 women and the plasma antithrombin III activity and fibrinopeptide A concentration measured. Women with preeclampsia had significantly lower antithrombin III activities and higher fibrinopeptide A concentrations (P less than .05) than normals. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups of fetuses. Thus, thrombin generation was not increased in the fetuses delivered from preeclamptic women.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1984

Photoperiodic influences on testicular development of deer mice from two different altitudes.

Onset of breeding activity tends to occur later in the year for deer mice from progressively higher elevations. We tested the hypothesis that the critical day length for development and maintenance of the reproductive system is longer for mice from higher elevations. Offspring of deer mice trapped at elevations of 1219 and 3048 m were raised from birth to 55 days of age in photo-periods that provided 10, 11, 12, 13 or 16 h light/day. Short day lengths (less than 13 h light/day) retarded maturation of the reproductive apparatus of juveniles from both elevations. The critical photoperiod for development of the reproductive apparatus was 1 h shorter for mice derived from stock trapped at 3048 m as compared to 1219 m. The gonads of adult mice from each elevation were unresponsive to photoperiod and remained functional in all day lengths tested (10-13 h light/day). Photoperiod does not appear to be a proximate factor underlying the altitudinal gradient in reproduction of male deer mice.

Altitude↗
PubMed1984

Role of prolactin in the photoperiodic control of moulting in the mink (Mustela vison).

Beginning at the summer solstice adult female mink were maintained in long- or short-day photoperiods and treated with bromocriptine or prolactin. In control females kept under natural lighting conditions the moult coincided with the seasonal decrease in prolactin and resulted in the growth of a dense winter coat which was completed by the end of November. Long days, which slowed the decrease in plasma prolactin relative to animals in the natural photoperiod, induced a more or less complete moult followed by growth of a thin summer coat. On the contrary we observed an accelerated decrease in plasma prolactin concentrations followed by an early and brief moult in females kept under long days but treated with bromocriptine and in females under short days. The growth of a dense winter coat was completed by the end of September in all the females of the short-day group and in six of eleven females treated with bromocriptine. In the other five females, moult was followed by the growth of a summer coat. These results may suggest that the decline of prolactin after the summer solstice is responsible for the onset of the autumn moult, but the early, abbreviated moult and the growth of a winter coat observed in females kept under short days and treated with prolactin do not seem to support this hypothesis. However, the huge non-physiological levels of prolactin measured in the plasma of these females and the appearance of abnormal white under-hairs might suggest that the hormonal balance in this group was completely disturbed by the treatment. The physiological role of prolactin in the seasonal moulting cycle in mink is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Ventricular tachyarrhythmia in childhood. Syncope, differential diagnosis of epilepsy].

In recent years we have noticed an increased number of severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias in children with structurally normal hearts. It is necessary to search for this condition specifically. Fainting fits caused by ventricular fibrillation or flutter with or without lengthening of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram are triggered by shock, fear or physical exertion. Distinguishing the condition from epilepsy can sometimes be difficult. Diagnosis in the case of a 14 year old boy with no history of genetic disorder could only be established with the aid of a 24-hour-ECG. Extended QT-times were observed here only in the higher heart frequency area. A 7 year old boy, initially given anti-convulsion therapy, showed QT-lengthening with ventricular extrasystoles only after repeated ECGs. His mother died suddenly following acoustic trauma. A 10 year old girl with no history of genetic disorder exhibited similar symptoms. On the basis of our observations we are of the opinion that a clear distinction into a genetically homogenous group with long QT-times, and one with a normal QT-interval, is not possible. Investigation of presumed epileptic cases by means of 24-hour-EEG-ECG in combination and ergometrics is recommended. Our patients were treated successfully with beta-blockers (propranolol).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tachyarrhythmic syncopes in children with structurally normal hearts with and without QT-prolongation in the electrocardiogram.

Forty children with presumed ventricular tachyarrhythmic syncopes in the absence of structural heart disease were studied. Twenty-nine patients, one of whom was deaf, had a prolonged QT-interval in the resting electrocardiogram (Group 1); eleven patients had a normal QT-interval (Group 2). The median QTc-interval vas 0.51 s in Group 1 and 0.40 s in Group 2. Familial occurrence suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 21 of 28 normally hearing patients in Group 1 and in 2 of 11 patients in Group 2. Syncopes were definitely stress-induced in 22 patients in Group 1 and in all 11 patients in Group 2. Of 23 patients in Group 1 in whom an electrocardiogram was obtained during physical exercise, only one showed severe ventricular dysrhythmia. In contrast, all eleven patients in Group 2 developed severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercise. Treatment with beta-blocking medication prevented further syncopes in 15 of 19 patients with several previous attacks in Group 1 and in 3 of 5 patients of Group 2. Four of the 29 patients in Group 1 died suddenly and one more remained apallic after an attack. Of the 11 patients in Group 2, four died suddenly and one retains severe cerebral damage after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that, besides the group of patients with the long QT-syndrome, there may be a distinct group of patients with a consistently normal QT-interval and severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercise. Patients of both groups are threatened by sudden death and are improved by treatment with beta-blocking medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunologic properties of conjugates of ragweed antigen E with various alkoxypolyethylene glycols.

Antigen E from ragweed pollen has been modified by coupling about 8 of its 18 epsilon-amino groups with various alkoxypolyethylene glycols (ROPEG). These glycols include methoxy-PEGs of 2,000 and 5,000 daltons, n-laruyloxy-PEG of 1,200 daltons (BRIJ-35), and p-isooctylpohenoxy-PEG of 3,300 daltons (Triton X-705). The immunogenic and immunosuppressive activities of these conjugates were tested in mice. They showed reduced immunogenicity for antigen E-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses although the BRIJ-35 conjugate showed only slightly decreased immunogenicity. The protein portion of the conjugate molecules appeared to contain the same antigenic determinants as in native antigen E. The alkoxypolyethyleneglycoxy portion of the conjugate molecules was found to be weakly immunogenic, since mice which had been immunized with such conjugates showed a transient weak IgE antibody response. All conjugates retained the immunosuppressive property of antigen E since the subcutaneous treatment of antigen E-sensitized mice with high doses of antigen E or of conjugate led to suppression of their specific IgE and IgG antibody levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Enteral resorption in the immediate postoperative phase following selective proximal vagotomy].

The postoperative absorption of the small intestine after selective proximal vagotomy was found out by means of the modified D-xylose absorption test in 23 patients on operating day, and on 1st, 5th, 8th, 9th and, 10th postoperative day. The constant of the adsorption speed was reduced on the operating day and decreased further to the 4th postoperative day. Afterwards the preoperative value was obtained approximately. The temporal state of the relative maximum of the curve of serum concentration (the moment tm) occurred in the same time interval. The tm-value obtained the preoperative value approximately. The dimensions of the absorption in the small intestine was reduced by 36% on the operating day, by 20,5% on the 1st postoperative day, and by 10% on the 4th postoperative day on the arithmetical average. The influence of the gastric emptying after SPV and of gastro-intestinal hormones on the process of absorption was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Preparation of protein conjugates with alkoxypolyethylene glycols.

Alkoxypolyethylene glycols can be converted to O-alkoxypolyethyleneglycoxy-S-carboxamidomethyldithiocarbonates. These dithiocarbonates are useful for the preparation of protein conjugates with alkoxypolyethylene glycols. Studies with model compounds suggest that sites of reaction are primarily the amino groups of proteins and, to a lesser extent, the aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Antigen E, which is an allergenic protein from ragweed pollen, was modified with different alkoxypolyethylene glycols by the above procedure. The size and the hydrophobicity of alkoxypolyethylene glycols used were found to influence the reduction in antigenic activity of conjugates.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

Sonic silhouetting of the aorta.

The diagnosis of diseases involving and arising from structures around the abdominal aorta has been described. Sonic silhouetting of the wall of the aortic due to lymphomatous involvement of the para-aortic lymph nodes is well known. It may be found with metastatic para-aortic lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma where the tumor is adjacent to the aortic wall. Sonic silhouetting of the aorta associated with a pancreatic mass indicates malignancy. Extensive sonic silhouetting due to pancreatic carcinoma can have the appearance of a clot containing abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of D-penicillamine on the trace elements in rat organs (author's transl)].

Rats were fed by means of an esophagal tube with increased doses of D-penicillamine and given a diet with an optimal content of trace elements over a period of up to 6 weeks. There were no identifiable lasting effects of this dosage on cobalt, selenium and particularly zinc content. The reduction of copper in the kidneys was significant. Cu was unchanged in serum and brain. The remarkable increase in the copper content of the liver as a result of a possible counter regulation mechanism with intact ceruloplasmin synthesis is discussed. The potential clinical significance of these findings is pointed out.

Animals↗