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Biomedical subjects

C Welsch

Publications and source records attributed to C Welsch.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[In vitro sensitivity of T lymphocytes to theophylline in healthy adults and patients following cadaver kidney allotransplantation].

In the peripheral blood of healthy adults the number of theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes (T-res) is 51 +/- 4% and 1,161 +/- 326/microliter, respectively, and the number of theophyllins-sensitive 11 +/- 2% and 252 +/- 95/microliters. The membrane markers show a heterogeneous distribution. The quotient from T-res/T-sens is 4.9 +/- 1.3. Within the T-sens 14% are CD4+ and 30% CD8+, 29% carry Fc-IgC and 34% Fc-IgM-receptors. Thus the T-res in their netto-function were helper cells and the T-sens suppressor/cytotox cells. Before the transplantation the preoperative ratio of the two subpopulation is significantly diminished (Q = 3.66 +/- 1.53), however, prognostic statements cannot be deduced from this. Activations of the immune system (rejection crises, cytomegalovirus infections) are accompanied by significant diminutions of the T-sens, whereby the T-res/T-sens-Quotient increases. Thus they are unequivocally included into immunoregulatory processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of a high affinity piretanide receptor on kidney membranes.

The tritiated loop diuretic, piretanide, is a useful ligand for specific diuretic receptors which are present in the plasma membranes of renal medullary cells. Its high specific activity (30 Ci X mmol-1) made it possible to demonstrate the existence of a high affinity receptor (Kd approximately 5 nM) and a binding site with low affinity. High affinity binding is saturable, reversible and displaceable by a number of non-radioactive loop diuretics. Structural analogues, devoid of diuretic activity, do not displace piretanide binding. No specific binding occurs in liver or spleen membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Whole body protein synthesis and energy expenditure in very low birth weight infants.

The aim of the present work was to study whole body protein synthesis and breakdown, as well as energy metabolism, in very low birth weight premature infants (less than 1500 g) during their rapid growth phase. Ten very low birth weight infants were studied during their first and second months of life. They received a mean energy intake of 114 kcal/kg X day and 3 g protein/kg X day as breast milk or milk formula. The average weight gain was 15 g/kg X day. The apparent energy digestibility was 88%, i.e. 99 kcal/kg X day. Their resting postprandial energy expenditure was 58 kcal/kg X day, indicating that 41 kcal/kg X day was retained. The apparent protein digestibility was 89%, i.e. 2.65 g/kg X day. Their rate of protein oxidation was 0.88 g/kg X day so that protein retention was 1.76 g/kg X day. There was a linear relationship between N retention and N intake (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). The slope of the regression line indicates a net efficiency of N utilization of 67%. Estimates of body composition from the energy balance, coupled with N balance method, showed that 25% of the gain was fat and 75% was lean tissue. Whole body protein synthesis and breakdown were determined using repeated oral administration of 15N glycine for 60-72 h, and 15N enrichment in urinary urea was measured. Protein synthesis averaged 11.2 g/kg X day and protein breakdown 9.4 g/kg X day. Muscular protein breakdown, as estimated by 3-methylhistidine excretion, contributed to 12% of the total protein breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of the menstrual cycle and thyroid hormones to whole-body protein turnover in women.

Whole-body protein turnover was measured in eight women, using a single oral dose of 15N-glycine and urinary ammonia as the end product analysed. Energy and protein intakes were carefully controlled on the day of the measurement. Each subject was tested five or six times at weekly intervals. Four of the subjects were taking oral contraceptives, the other four were non-pill users. Values of whole-body protein turnover (flux) were within the range of previously reported data: 2.9-4.7 g/kg/d. Inter-individual variation was significantly greater than intra-individual variation. The latter ranged between 10 and 23 per cent. Protein turnover was significantly correlated with the serum T3/rT3 ratio (r = 0.845, P less than 0.01). No difference was found between pill users and non-pill users, nor between the luteal and the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle among non-pill users. These data suggest that the single-dose method with ammonia as the end product is suitable for human studies in clinical situations and that the phase of the menstrual cycle does not seem to be of critical importance when investigating menstruating women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Energy expenditure and whole body protein synthesis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

To examine the rates of whole body protein synthesis and energy expenditure during the rapid growing period, premature infants of very low birth weight (VLBW) (less than 1500 g), appropriate for gestational age were kept under standard thermoneutrality conditions and received a formula diet providing 110 kcal/kg.d metabolisable energy (ME) and 3.3 g protein/kg.d. Their energy expenditure was measured by open circuit indirect calorimetry. Nitrogen turnover and whole body protein synthesis and catabolism were determined using repeated oral administration of 15N-glycine for 60-72 h followed by the analysis of 15N-enrichment in urinary urea. These VLBW infants grew at an average rate of 15 g/kg.d. About half of the ME intake (i.e. 50 kcal/kg.d) was invested in weight gain while the remainder (i.e. 60 kcal/kg.d) was oxidised. The energy equivalent of the weight gain (i.e. the amount of energy stored per g weight gain) and the N balance indicated that lean tissue made up approximately 2/3 of the weight gained and fat tissue the remaining 1/3. The plateau value for 15N enrichment reached on the third day of administration allowed us to calculate a rate of protein synthesis of 14 g/kg.d and protein breakdown of 12 g/kg.d in five VLBW fed a formula diet. The elevated energy expenditure of the very low birth weight infant seems to be related to its rapid rate of weight gain which is accompanied by a high rate of body protein synthesis. More than 20% of the total energy expenditure of the VLBW infants was accounted for by whole body protein synthesis.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1983

[Behavior of central venous pressure in different types of anesthesia under the administration of various coagulation inhibiting substances].

In a prospective study right atrial pressures and parameters of blood coagulation were monitored during anaesthesia and postoperatively in 60 surgical patients. 30 patients received spinal anaesthesia. 30 patients were intubated for general anaesthesia. One third of the patients in each group were injected with heparindihydroergotamine s.c., another third was infused with dextran 6% 500 ml, the remainder received no medication. Following dihydroergotamine s.c., right atrial pressures were increased, due to raised venous vascular tonicity and augmented venous return, which causes enddiastolic ventricular volume to rise. Dextran 500 ml had the same effect in right atrial pressures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Metabolism of L-sorbose in the rat and the effect of the intestinal microflora on its utilization both in the rat and in the human.

L-[U-14C]-sorbose was administered orally as single doses to 5 normal rats. The recovery of radioactivity was 5.3% in the urine, 46% in the faeces exclusively as L-sorbose 16% as carbon dioxide. Caloric utilization was approximately 25%. A second group of 3 rats that had previously received L-sorbose in their diet showed 14C recoveries of 8.9% in the urine, 6.6% in the faeces and 59% as carbon dioxide. The time course of expired carbon dioxide suggests that a portion of L-sorbose was rapidly absorbed and partially metabolized while the principal pathway involved fermentation by the intestinal microflora to volatile fatty acids which were subsequently absorbed and metabolized. The total caloric utilization of L-sorbose was estimated to be 70%. It was observed that a human intestinal microflora also required an adaptation period in order to ferment this sugar. The efficiency of the fermentation was estimated to be 70%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Premedication with doxepin (author's transl)].

The effects of doxepin on the circulation and its anxiety relieving properties were studied in 67 patients who were premedicated with this drug before surgical operations. The findings showed that doxepin is very suitable for premedication on account of its sedative, tranquilizing and analgesic properties. It also reduced secretion of mucus and saliva. In a few cases it caused mild orthostatic circulatory dysregulation. The drug was well tolerated and has proved its value for routine administration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ENU-induced in vitro neoplastic transformation of rat mammary epithelial cells.

Normal mammary epithelial cells, originating from female Sprague-Dawley rats, were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium containing 25% horse serum and hormone supplements. Once established as an epithelial cell culture, the cells were treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in various doses (25-500 ug/ml) to study the process of in vitro mammary epithelial cell neoplastic transformation. The ENU-treatment of primary mammary epithelial cell culture resulted in a sequence of phenotypic changes, termed stages I-V. The rat mammary epithelial cells, after a period of approximately 30 days post-ENU exposure, showed a marked proliferation of morphologically altered cells which formed multi-layered colonies. Subsequently, these cells acquired the capacity to form colonies in soft agar and eventually produced a high yield of palpable tumors when inoculated into newborn female isologous hosts or female athymic nude mice. The immediate effect of ENU on these cells was monitored by measurement of cellular DNA content, unscheduled DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and chromosomal aberrations. The ENU effect on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis was dose dependent; doses greater than 100 ug/ml reduced the cell number and DNA synthesis. Cytofluorometric histograms of non-ENU-treated rat mammary epithelial cells showed a near diploid population of cells. The ENU exposed cells subsequently became hyperdiploid (24-72 hours after ENU) and then regained their near diploid pattern at 120 hours after ENU exposure. The ENU-treated cells also showed a second peak of cells with DNA content in the tetraploid and octaploid range at 24-72 hours after ENU exposure. Single chromatid breaks, isochromatid breaks, chromosomal exchanges, multiple chromosomal breaks and double minutes were among the chromosomal aberrations seen in ENU-treated cells. Most of the chromosomal aberrations peaked at 6 hours post-ENU exposure. The ENU-induced model of in vitro meplastic transformation of rat mammary epithelium as described in this communication appears to provide a good model for the systematic study of the early critical cellular events prerequisite to this carcinogenic process.

Animals↗