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Biomedical subjects

C Wild

Publications and source records attributed to C Wild.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The role of infection by Opisthorchis viverrini, hepatitis B virus, and aflatoxin exposure in the etiology of liver cancer in Thailand. A correlation study.

The incidence of the two principle types of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) in five different areas of Thailand was compared with the prevalence of exposure to the main risk factors in samples of the population. Cholangiocarcinoma showed striking variations in incidence, which correlated closely with markers of exposure to the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. However, there was little geographic variation in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or in prevalence of the major risk factors (chronic carriage of hepatitis B virus and exposure to aflatoxin), and apparently there was little relationship between them.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

Preparation and anti-HIV activities of aurintricarboxylic acid fractions and analogues: direct correlation of antiviral potency with molecular weight.

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) was fractionated by a combination of dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel permeation chromatography. The number average and weight average molecular weights of the ATA fractions were determined by the universal calibration method. The sulfonic acid analogue of ATA was prepared and separated in high and low molecular weight fractions. The phosphonic acid analogue of ATA was also synthesized. All of the ATA fractions were tested for prevention of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cell culture as well as against HIV-1 in CEM cell culture. The abilities of the fractions and analogues to inhibit syncytium formation between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells and uninfected MOLT-4 cells were evaluated. In addition, the fractions and analogues were tested for cytotoxicity in mock-infected MT-4 cells, prevention of the binding of the OKT4A monoclonal antibody to the CD4 receptor, inhibition of the binding of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody to gp120, inhibition of attachment of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells, and inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. In all of these assays except cytotoxicity, there was a correlation of potency with molecular weight. The higher the molecular weight, the higher the activity. Several of the lower molecular weight fractions of ATA, which bound to gp120 but not to CD4, prevented HIV-1 and HIV-2 cytopathicity. A similar profile was observed for the phosphonic acid analogue of ATA and the lower molecular weight fraction of the sulfonic acid analogue. The results on the ATA fractions indicate that the binding of ATA to gp120 in the absence of CD4 binding is sufficient for anti-HIV activity. The active compounds bind more avidly to gp120 than to CD4. The anti-HIV activity of the ATA fractions is due to inhibition of virus binding due to an interference with the gp120-CD4 interaction.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1986

A preliminary survey on aflatoxin exposure in Singapore.

Aflatoxins (naturally occurring chemicals of fungal origin) are powerful liver carcinogens, and increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been observed in areas where exposure to this mycotoxin is high (e.g., Africa, China). These areas also have a high incidence of HBV infection. It has been suggested that this environmental carcinogen interact with HBV in the aetiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in these areas. The aim of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxin exposure in the local population. Fifty healthy adults were studied. Details of dinner taken the previous evening were obtained. Early morning urine was collected and aflatoxin quantitated by ELISA following purification on an antibody affinity column. Rabbit polyclonal antibody to aflatoxin B1 was used, and the mean of at least two assays were determined. Six individuals (12%) showed ELISA inhibition values of more than 25%, equivalent to aflatoxin levels of more than 100 pg/ml in urine. Levels ranged from 185 pg/ml to 2300 pg/ml aflatoxin B1 equivalents. All 6 individuals consumed fried food. The highest level was found in a medical student who had 'satay' (crushed peanut) sauce with dinner. This is in contrast to 52% individuals from Gambia with urine aflatoxin levels between 100 and 1000 pg/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Hemoglobin and hem protein complexes in mammal sera. 1. Starch gel electrophoretic studies].

In the sera pig, cattle, rabbit and guinea pig, only uniform Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin fraction but several heme-hemopexin fractions, could be demonstrated for each species in starch gel electrophoretic studies. Heme binding by albumin was also observed, though to a varying degree, being most pronounced for the guinea pig. The protection mechanism against hemoglobin and iron losses from the organism of the animals investigated allows far-reaching parallels with that of man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic challenges for rapid human immunodeficiency virus assays. Performance using HIV-1 group O, HIV-1 group M, and HIV-2 samples.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the ability of seven rapid assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to detect antibodies in a panel of sera from individuals infected with different types and groups of HIV. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Sixty-eight well-characterized samples, including HIV-1 group O (24), several HIV-1 group M clades (21), HIV-1/2 (10), HIV-2 (10), and samples with indeterminate results (3), were tested by the following rapid HIV assays: HIV-Spot, HIVCHEK System 3, A/Q Rapid HIV, Genie II HIV-1/HIV-2, Quix HIV-1-2-O, ImmunoComb II HIV-1+2 BiSpot, and the Serodia HIV-1+2. RESULTS: All tests successfully detected the HIV-1 group M clades and the HIV-1/2-positive samples. Of the HIV-2 stand-alone samples, four tests missed the same sample, and three tests missed another sample. Of the HIV-1 group O samples, four samples were missed by at least one test, and another sample was missed by three tests. The sensitivity of the seven rapid assays in detecting each group of sera was between 83% and 100%, with only one test having a sensitivity of 100% for all groups of sera. Three samples proved to be problematic because they were misclassified by more than one assay. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of rapid HIV assays is variable when testing sera from individuals infected with HIV-1 group O and HIV-2.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suitable housing--experiences of counseling facilities in Austria and Germany].

The article describes the experiences made by Austrian and German counseling agencies dealing with housing adaptation with technical appliances for elderly people. The collected data from a questioning of counseling institutions, most of them still pilot projects, are assessed and special focus is given to the organization and institutionalization of the counseling agencies, to the access to the institutions, to the process and program of counseling, to obstacles and hindrances, to the costs and financing of the institutions or the adaptations.

Activities of Daily Living↗