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C Wills

Publications and source records attributed to C Wills.

77 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Male and female correlations for taster (P.T.C.) phenotypes and rate of adolescent development.

Growth and development from infancy to age 18 years in tasters and non-tasters of phenylthiocarbamide (P.T.C.) were studied in 50 female and 44 male subjects. Taster girls reached all indices of maturation an average of 3.8 months earlier than non-taster girls. The reverse was true for boys, non-tasters maturing on average 6.2 months earlier than tasters. For both sexes, there was a significant correlation between an overall Maturity Index and P.T.C. sensitivity, positive for girls and negative for boys. Thirty-two of the females and 20 of the males could be classified according to P.T.C. genotype. For these, the onset, midpoint, and end of the pubertal growth spurt was estimated. Heterozygotes reached these points at times intermediate to homozygotes. Taster females preceded non-taster females and non-taster males preceded taster males by about 6 months. The finding of reversed associations between P.T.C. phenotype and maturation in males and females implies that factors underlying the P.T.C. polymorphism may not be confined to mediation through thyroid metabolism, but may also involve other complex pathways of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, particularly those of the sex hormones. The data were examined for evidence of whether or not the findings could be related to a means of maintaining the P.T.C. polymorphism. A significant negative assortative mating pattern was found. This accords with reports from the literature indicating personality differences between early and late maturers and a tendency for spouses to have similar personality characteristics. However, disassortative mating alone could not produce a stable equilibrium. A hypothesis for the maintenance of the P.T.C. polymorphism is developed on the assumption that the timing of puberty is related to reproductive fitness and subject to balancing selection. Heterozygotes for P.T.C. would be at an advantage because they have intermediate maturation times. In this small sample, P.T.C. heterozygotes were also found to produce more offspring than homozygotes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Formula intake of 1- and 4-month-old infants.

This study was designed to estimate energy intake in exclusively formula-fed infants. Formula intake of twenty-four 1- and 4-month-old infants was studied for 5 consecutive days; six boys and six girls were in each age group. Intake was estimated by laboratory-determined weights of formula consumed, spilled, and regurgitated. Two additional methods were used to estimate intake in the first nine infants during the 1st day of observation: test-weighing the infant at each feeding and mother's weighing of formula consumed, regurgitated, and spilled at each feeding. No consistent differences were detected among methods, but test-weighing appeared to have the greatest feed-to-feed variability. Intake was estimated to be 747 +/- 100 g or 125.5 +/- 17 kcal/kg, and 958 +/- 131 g or 94.0 +/- 13 kcal/kg for 1- and 4-month-old infants, respectively. The day-to-day variability (expressed as the coefficient of variation) was 13 and 15% (CV, g/kg) for 1- and 4-month-old infants, respectively. Between-infant variability of intake was approximately 8% (CV, g/kg) for both age groups. Energy intakes of 1-month-old formula-fed infants were similar to published values of breast-fed infants of similar age, but the energy intakes of 4-month-old formula-fed infants were significantly higher than values published for 4-month-old breast-fed infants.

Body Height↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between preadmission oral antibiotic therapy and cerebrospinal fluid findings and sequelae caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.

The association between the administration of oral antibiotics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and sequelae was investigated in 281 children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis from two prospective studies. Ninety-four (33%) children were pretreated; 59% of pretreated children received ampicillin or amoxicillin. Compared with untreated children, in pretreated children significant decreases were noted in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the CSF (P less than 0.03), CSF protein concentration (P less than 0.001) and percentage with a positive CSF Gram stain or culture (P less than 0.05). When adjusted for duration of illness prior to admission, only the CSF protein concentration remained different (P less than 0.01). Children who were pretreated were more likely (P less than 0.05) to have paresis at one or more follow-up visits and sensorineural hearing loss (P less than 0.05), but these differences were diminished when adjusted for duration of illness before admission. The duration of illness prior to admission was significantly (P less than 0.0001) longer for pretreated (median, 3.0 days) than for untreated children (median, 1.0 day). The incidence of deafness did not correlate with duration of illness before admission by multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.132), but deafness was significantly (P less than 0.02; relative risk, 5.9) more common when all children who were ill for more than 1 day prior to admission were compared to those children who were ill for 1 day or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗