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Biomedical subjects

C Y Fu

Publications and source records attributed to C Y Fu.

17 recordsLinked to original sources

Constitutive expression of human angiostatin in Pichia pastoris by high-density cell culture.

A high-density cell culture method to produce human angiostatin has been successfully established by constitutive expression of the protein in Pichia pastoris. The fermentation was carried out in a 20 l bioreactor with a 10 l working volume, using a high-density cell culture method by continuously feeding with 50% glycerol-0.8% PTM4 to the growing culture for 60 h at 30 degrees C. Dissolved oxygen level was maintained at 25-30% and pH was controlled at 5 by the addition of 7 M NH4OH. Angiostatin was constitutively expressed during the fermentation by linking its expression to the P. pastoris constitutive GAP promoter (pGAP). But after 36 h of fermentation, the peak biomass growth was 305 as measured by absorption of 600 nm, while the peak angiostatin expression was 176 mg/l. Similar to the product expressed from inducible system [24], angiostatin produced from constitutive system also inhibited the angiogenesis on the CAM and suppressed the growth of B16 melanoma in C57BL/6J mouse. The above results suggest that GAP promoter is more efficient than AOX1 promoter for the expression of angiostatin in P. pastoris by shake flask culture or high-density cell fermentation and is likely to be an alternative to AOX1 promoter in large-scale expression of angiostatin and other heterologous proteins.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗

Subnanosecond-resolution phase-resolved fluorescence imaging technique for biomedical applications.

Characterization of fluorescence emissions from cells often leads to conclusive results in the early detection of cellular abnormalities. Cellular abnormalities can be characterized by their difference in the fluorescence lifetime, which may be less than nanoseconds. A sensitive frequency domain technique, also called a phase-resolved fluorescence imaging technique, is proposed in which fluorescence emissions at the same wavelengths can more effectively be separated with subnanosecond resolution in their lifetime difference. The system configuration is optimized by incorporating even-step phase shifting in the homodyne-assisted signal-processing concept along with the phase-resolved fluorescence technique to eliminate the dc offsets of emission. Experiments are carried out with simulated samples composed of two fluorescence emissions of the same wavelength but with different lifetime values. Suppression of either of the fluorescence emissions by selective imaging of the other validates the superiority of the proposed technique. Hence, this technique can potentially be applied in the early detection of cellular abnormalities.

Biomedical Engineering↗

A simple predictive model for blood-brain barrier penetration.

A simple two-descriptor model to predict blood-brain barrier penetration is derived from a training set of 79 compounds: log BB = - 13.31V2 + 9.601V - 2.231PSA - 0.5290 (n = 79, r2 = 0.83) where log BB is the logarithm of the ratio of the steady-state concentration of the compound in the brain to in the blood, V (nm3) is the molecular volume, PSA (nm2) is the polar surface area which is defined as the sum of the van der Waals surface areas of oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and attached hydrogen atoms in a molecule, n is the number of compounds, and r is the correlation coefficient. The model is validated by a leave-one-out procedure and an external test set (25 compounds). The results indicate that the model developed is statistically sound and is sufficiently reliable and robust for predictive use. The descriptors in the model can be easily computed and it is suitable for the rapid prediction of the blood-brain barrier penetration for a wide range of drug candidates.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗

A mathematical model to predict the release of water-soluble drugs from HPMC matrices.

A mathematical model to predict the fraction of water-soluble drug released as a function of release time (t, h), HPMC concentration (CH, w/w), and volume of drug molecule (V, nm3) was derived with ranitidine hydrochloride, diltiazem hydrochloride, and ribavirin as model drugs. The model is log (M(t)/M(infinity)) = 0.5 log t-0.3322CH-0.2222V-0.2988 (n = 140, r = 0.9848), where M(t) is the amount of drug released at time t, M(infinity) is the amount of drug released over a very long time, which corresponds in principle to the initial loading, n is the number of samples, and r is the correlation coefficient. The model was validated using isoniazid and satisfactory results were obtained. The model can be used to predict the release fraction of various soluble drugs from HPMC matrices having different polymer levels.

Algorithms↗

Type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration for cholesteatoma surgery.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of cholesteatoma surgery is complete eradication of the disease. Another goal is to preserve hearing acuity. We reviewed type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration for cholesteatomatous ears. To evaluate the role of ossiculoplasty, the functional results of classic and modified type III tympanoplasties were compared. METHODS: Thirty-six cholesteatomatous ears undergoing type III tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration were reviewed. The same operator performed these operations from 1984 until 1995. According to the CAO staging system, there were five early, 16 moderate and 15 advanced-stage cases of cholesteatoma. Using the anterior approach, all operations were canal-wall-down type III tympanoplasties with "tailored" open cavity and cartilage obliteration. There were 24 classic and 12 modified type III tympanoplasties. RESULTS: The average follow-up duration was 7.2 years. Neither recidivistic cholesteatoma nor retraction pocket was observed postoperatively. There was an improvement in atelectatic score after surgery. The mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 15.8 +/- 10.7 dB and the mean closure of the ABG was 4.0 +/- 14.3 dB. After the disease stage and preoperative hearing status were adjusted using regression analysis, there was no significant difference in hearing results between ears that underwent classic or modified type III tympanoplasties. CONCLUSIONS: We performed the canal-wall-down tympanoplasty with cartilage obliteration using the anterior approach for treatment of cholesteatoma. Such surgical techniques eradicate the cholesteatoma, prevent its recurrence and create a clean ear. Hearing reconstruction can also be accomplished in a single-stage procedure offering a serviceable hearing acuity.

Adolescent↗

Decreasing levels of anti-Nef antibody correlate with increasing HIV type 1 viral loads and AIDS disease progression.

To study the association between anti-Gag and anti-Nef antibody reactivities and their correlations with disease progression, 174 HIV-1/AIDS patients were followed up for 1 year after they received triple therapy. The antibody reactivities were analyzed using a Western blot test with recombinant Gag and Nef proteins. The results showed that decreasing levels of anti-Gag or anti-Nef antibody correlate with disease progression defined by HIV-1 viral loads or T4 cell counts. After receiving triple treatment for 1 year, 8 of 38 (21.1%) Nef antibody-negative patients became positive, while only 9 of 125 (7.2%) Nef antibody-positive persons lost the antibody reactivity (p < 0.01). Therefore, HIV-1 Nef may serve as a clinical marker of disease progression.

Blotting, Western↗

Antibody reactivities to tumor-suppressor protein p53 and HTLV-I Tof, Rex and Tax in HTLV-I-infected people with differing clinical status.

Since the presence of anti-p53 antibody has been correlated with the mutation and accumulation of p53, the aim of this study was to detect anti-p53 antibody and understand its correlations with anti-Tof, -Rex, or -Tax antibody reactivity in HTLV-I infected people differing in their clinical status. A plasmid (pGEX-Tof) was constructed to express Tof recombinant protein (RP) in Escherichia coli. Serum samples from 50 asymptomatic carriers (ACs), 50 adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and 50 HTLV-I-associated myelopathyltropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients were assayed for reactivity with different RPs by Western immunoblotting. The results showed that 2% of ACs, 4% of ATL patients and 6% of HAM/TSP patients had anti-p53 antibody. Therefore, anti-p53 antibody is not a useful serological marker for clinical management of HTLV-I infected people. Only 1 HAM/TSP patient had anti-Tof antibody whose specificity was further confirmed by antibody competition enzyme immunoassay. This study demonstrates that Tof protein is immunogenic in vivo, suggesting that it plays a role in the life cycle and pathogenesis of HTLV-I. The rate of anti-Rex antibody among HAM/TSP patients was significantly higher than that of ACs or ATL patients. In addition, 50% of ACs, 42% of ATL and 98% of HAM/TSP patients had anti-Tax antibody. McNemar's test showed that the presence of anti-p53 antibody did not have any correlation with the anti-Tax antibody in HTLV-I-infected people, while the correlation between anti-p53 and anti-Rex antibodies or anti-p53 and anti-Tof antibodies cannot be ruled out in this study.

Animals↗

The joint action of two mixed stimuli with a bivariate threshold.

The general mathematical statistical theory of a mixture of two stimuli in quantal bioassay or other binary response is investigated assuming the existence of thresholds. Univariate thresholds have long been studied. Different serious attempts on bivariate threshold theory have emerged since the late 1940s. Some have been based on biologically established fact mixed with analysis, while others have been more heuristic. In this paper we investigate the properties of correlations of thresholds. Joint actions are then interpreted according to those correlations and deviations from independence. Isoboles are lines, curves, planes, or surfaces of constant probability. They are also investigated, and their properties are used in proofs of important theorems. It is proved that additivity or additivism of two stimuli is present if and only if the thresholds of the two stimuli are perfectly correlated. Furthermore, additivity requires univariate dose-response functions to be everywhere concave on the nonnegative real numbers (doses). Finally, threshold theory, itself, dictates cumulative distributions of marginal thresholds that are everywhere nondecreasing and concave on the nonnegative reals. That is, they cannot have points of inflection. Such popular distributions as the normal and logistic have points of inflection at their respective medians. This does not invalidate their usefulness. They are simply modeling phenomena other than those which are the subject of this paper, namely, threshold theory.

Mathematical Computing↗

[Improvement of coronary flow by artificial decending the intrathoracic pressure].

In simulating the changes of intrathoracic pressure during deep inhalation, the intrathoracic pressure was descended by repeated aspiration from thoracic cavity in 8 dogs. The volume of coronary flow was observed simultaneously. It was found that when intrathoracic pressure was dropping the coronary flow volume showed an increase as a result of decrease of right atrium pressure and increase of aorta pressure, thus creating an increased pressure difference between inflow and outflow of coronary circulation.

Animals↗

[An in vitro and in vivo study of antitumor effects of rHTNF-alpha on human ovarian cancer].

We examined the cytotoxic activities of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHTNF-alpha) and five chemotherapeutic agents, CTX, 5-Fu, VCR, DDP, KSM, against two human ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR3 and CAOV3, using the MTT assay. The results showed that cytotoxicities of rHTNF-alpha at 5 x 10-5 x 10(4) u/ml against OVCAR3 cell line for 24 h exposure were from 14.2 +/- 6.8% to 67.2 +/- 3.0%, and those against CAOV3 cell line were from 8.2 +/- 4.3% to 60.9 +/- 1.3%. The cytotoxic effects of all five chemotherapeutic agents against the two cell lines were much lower than that of rHTNF-alpha. Further, we studied the combined anticancer potential of rHTNF-alpha with chemotherapeutic agents against the two cell lines. Various degrees of synergism in cytotoxicities of DDP or KSM in combination with rHTNF-alpha were observed. The cytotoxic effect of rHTNF-alpha on CAOV3 cell were also morphologically observed under phase contrast and electron microscope. Based on experiment in vitro, the in vivo anticancer activity of rHTNF-alpha alone or in combination with KSM was examined against human ovarian cancer OVCAR3 subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice. After 8 weeks of treatment, a statistically significant difference of mean tumor volume was found between the control group and groups that received rHTNF-alpha or rHTNF-alpha plus KSM (P < 0.01).

Animals↗

[Urinary gonadotropin fragment measurement in the monitoring of trophoblastic disease].

Urinary gonadotropin fragment (UGF) is a small peptide which is present in the urine of pregnant women and of women with trophoblastic diseases as well as with certain nontrophoblastic malignancies. 275 samples each of urine and blood from 46 patients with trophoblastic diseases were taken for UGF and hCG measurements and compared. 24 samples from 12 healthy, nonpregnant women were taken as control. Cut-off values of UGF and hCG used for measuring the sensitivity of trophoblastic diseases were respectively > 0.2 microgram/L and above 20 micrograms/L. It was found that 64.0% of the urine samples gave UGF values > 0.2 microgram/L and 66.5% of the blood samples showed hCG levels above 20 micrograms/L (P > 0.1). No false-positive rate was observed in the control group. However, among patients who were found to have low or negative hCG values, 57.6% showed positive UGF levels. These findings suggest that in patients with positive levels of both UGF and hCG, the UGF measurement may not be necessary. But for patients with low or negative blood hCG values, certain percentage of urine UGF could still be detected.

Adult↗

[The characteristic of lymphokine-activated killer cells induced from tumor draining lymph-node cell].

A short time lymphocyte culture for lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells was presented, the lymphocytes being collected from the tumor draining regional lymph nodes in seven patients with gynecologic malignant tumors. The results showed different cytotoxic activities of LAK cells against Lewis pulmonary cancer cells, CAOV, cells and the new separated ovarian cancer cells. And the cytotoxic activity of the LAK cells increased with the rise of the effecter cell-target cell ratio and maintained at a certain level when the rise of the latter's increase reached a certain extent. The cytotoxic activity of the LAK cells against autologous tumor cells (as from ovarian cancer) were shown to be much stronger than against the others. As the culture days lengthened, the cytotoxicities of the LAK cells from interleukin-2/OKT 3 culture became stronger than from interloukin-2 alone. Large quantities of lymphocytes could be collected from tumor-draining lymphe nodes. This is a preliminary investigation on the inducing of LAK cells from lymphocytes of the draining regional lymph nodes of malignant gynecologic tumors. The quantitative increase of LAK cells and the effect of their cytotoxic activities are to be further explored.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗

[Three-dimensional motion of the radial artery and attributes of position, rhythm, shape and variance of pulse diagnosis].

UNLABELLED: In using the sophisticated colour Doppler image-forming technique, and analysis with the self-made cardioelectric phasic mark fixed point as well as the limb minus/plus pressure bathtub, 44 healthy youths were observed. THE RESULTS: (1) The superficial arteries in the limbs have their motion forms of radial expansion, axial extension and axis shifting. (2) These three motions, together with the pulsation present periodical changes. (3) Compared with the results on the survey of the topographical autopsy of a cadaver, the scope and forms of aforementioned artery motion were related to the anatomical positions of cadaver in which they were located. (4) The above-mentioned axial position shifting of the arteries constitute the whole body shifting or revolving of the blood vessels through plain observations on two dimensions and provide three-dimensional signals. (5) A systematic study was made between the relationship of the vascular motion pattern in human body and the form attributes of position, rhythm, shape and variance. It is significant to study the individuality of vascular activities as well as to elucidate the mechanism in forming the pulse conditions of TCM.

Adult↗

[An approach to objective indexes for differentiating floating, sunken, feeble and forceful pulses in traditional Chinese medicine].

Objectification of Pulse-taking diagnosis is very important for modernization of TCM. Nowadays radial sphygmogram at wrist is usually taken as an objective index of pulse condition, but there are no good means to differentiate quantitatively Floating, Sunken, Feeble and Forceful pulses. In the present paper sphygmograms were taken under a serious of counter-pressure (CP) in order to approach this problem. The CP was a pressure put on the transducer to imitate finger force during pulse-taking. At first the main wave of sphygmogram in all subjects was usually getting higher and higher as the CP increased. After a maximum amplitude was attended, on the contrary, it became lower gradually with further increase of CP. The sphygmogram with maximum amplitude was called optimum sphygmogram (OS) and its corresponding CP called optimum counter-pressure (OCP). Taking CP as abscissa and amplitude of main wave (A) as ordinate, a curve of relation between CP and A (CP-A curve) might be obtained. OCP in Floating pulse tended to low (5-10 kPa), and then the CP-A curve went downwards gradually following the increase of CP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Changes in VP2 gene during the attenuation of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus strain Gx isolated in China.

Very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) Gx strain with high pathogenicity was attenuated through replication in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures. The changes in VP2 nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences were obtained during attenuation of vvIBDV in CEF culture. Sequence analysis of selected passages from numbers 0 to 20 in CEFs (designated here Gx to CEF-20) showed that no changes were detectable in the VP2 gene before CEF-7. There were a few changes in the nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene but no amino acid substitutions at CEF-8. The virus of CEF-9 was an intermediate with some amino acid changes that possibly were related to virulence. CEF-10 virus had become similar to CU-1 strain. The VP2 gene sequence remained the same from CEF-10 to CEF-20. The results of pathogenicity tests showed that the mortalities of Gx, CEF-5, CEF-8, and CEF-9 in 4-wk-old SPF chickens were 64%, 60%, 60%, and 32%, respectively; whereas CEF-10, CEF-15, and CEF-20 were nonpathogenic. Virus neutralization tests with Gx strain showed that the antigenicities are similar from Gx to CEF-20.

Amino Acid Sequence↗