Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy: dual sphincterotomy vs. endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy alone.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
C Y Hwang
Publications and source records attributed to C Y Hwang.
Novel findings in inhibition of mast cell-dependent immediate-type cutaneous reactions by Gahmi-Shini-San.
This report describes an inhibitory effect of Gahmi-Shini-San (GSS) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. GSS is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been successfully used in Korea for the treatment of allergic disorders, mainly skin anaphylactic diseases. GSS inhibited the ear swelling response induced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80 in a mouse model on a concentration-dependent basis. The mast cells in mouse ear tissue were stained by alcian blue/nuclear fast red. GSS significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced degranulation from mast cells in ear tissue. GSS dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80. We also studied the effect of GSS on mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by dinitrophenyl IgE antibody. GSS showed inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis following oral administration. These results indicated that GSS has inhibitory effect on mast cell-dependent immediate type cutaneous reactions.
Alcian Blue↗
Cu2+-induced blue shift of the pyrene excimer emission: a new signal transduction mode of pyrene probes.
A pentiptycene-bispyrenyl system (1) has been synthesized and investigated as a fluorescent chemosensor for metal ions. A novel blue shift along with an intensity enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission is observed for 1 in the presence of Cu(2+). Such a new signal transduction mode of pyrene probes results from the formation of a static pyrene excimer that has very different characteristics from its dynamic counterpart.
Journal Article↗
Effects of autogenous toxoid-bacterin in lactating cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis.
To evaluate clinical effects of autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment for Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows, 22 cows which had at least one S. aureus infected quarter were selected from among cows at a S. aureus prevalent dairy farm. Eleven cows were injected with their own autogenous toxoid-bacterin and the others were maintained as non-injected control. In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, 27% of infected quarters were cured during the 12-week trial, compared to 5% in the control group. New intramammary infections with S. aureus were only detected in 3 quarters of the control group. Mean IgG antibody titer against S. aureus somatic antigens and alpha-toxin in serum and milk were significantly increased in the toxoid-bacterin injected group (p<0.05) and remained higher than those of the control group which showed no significant changes (p<0.05). In contrast to the control group, from 3 weeks after the second injection of the toxoid-bacterin injected group, mean S. aureus cfu/ml in milk samples from injected quarters with S. aureus was significantly decreased until the end of the study (p<0.05). In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, significant decreases of mean SCC were detected from milk samples from infected quarters with S. aureus from week 7 to week 10 (p<0.05). These data show that autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment against S. aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows may increase the cure rate of the infections, reduce the severity of the infections and also prevent occurrence of the new infections.
Animals↗
The nitric oxide-producing properties of Solanum lyratum.
We examined the effect of Solanum lyratum Thunb. (Solanaceae) (SL) on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with SL after the treatment of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) resulted in increased NO synthesis. SL had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. When SL was used in combination with rIFN-gamma, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of SL on NO synthesis was shown 6 h after treatment with rIFN-gamma. The increased production of NO from rIFN-gamma plus SL-stimulated cells was decreased by the treatment with staurosporin. In addition, synergy between rIFN-gamma and SL was mainly dependent on SL-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. All the preparations of SL were endotoxin free. The present results indicate that the capacity of SL to increase NO production from rIFN-gamma-primed mouse peritoneal macrophages is the result of SL-induced TNF-alpha secretion via the signal transduction pathway of PKC activation.
Animals↗
Shini-san inhibits mast cell-dependent immediate-type allergic reactions.
Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal (WBB6F1(-)+/+) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.
Animals↗
Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Yongdam-Sagan-Tang in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Yongdam-Sagan-Tang (YS-Tang) on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with YS-Tang after the treatment of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) resulted in increased NO synthesis. YS-Tang had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. When YS-Tang was used in combination with rIFN-gamma, there was a marked co-operative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of YS-Tang on NO synthesis was shown 6 h after treatment with rIFN-gamma. This increase in NO synthesis was reflected as an increased amount of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein. NO production was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. The increased production of NO from rIFN-gamma plus YS-Tang-stimulated cells was decreased by the treatment with staurosporin. In addition, synergy between rIFN-gamma and YS-Tang was mainly dependent on YS-Tang-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. All the preparations of YS-Tang were endotoxin free. These results suggest that the capacity of YS-Tang to increase NO production from rIFN-gamma-primed mouse peritoneal macrophages is the result of YS-Tang-induced TNF-alpha secretion.
Animals↗
Regulation of thyroid hormones in the secretion of insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in male rats.
The effect of thyroid hormones on glucose-induced secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin was studied. Male rats were thyroidectomized (Tx) or sham Tx. Sham Tx rats were injected with either propylthiouracil ([PTU] 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or saline for 2 weeks. In addition, thyroid-intact rats were injected intravenously with triiodothyronine ([T3]5 microg/kg) or saline 10 minutes before an oral glucose load (3.2 g/kg). Blood samples were collected from each animal via a jugular catheter at 0, 10, 20, 30,45, 60, and 90 minutes following glucose ingestion. Plasma levels of GIP and insulin were measured by specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Thyroidectomy-induced hypothyroidism increased the basal level of plasma GIP, but decreased that of insulin. Insulin levels at 10, 20, and 30 minutes following oral glucose were lower in hypothyroid rats than in euthyroid rats. Conversely, GIP levels at 60 and 90 minutes following glucose ingestion in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats were higher than those in euthyroid rats. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaltered by pretreatment with T3, whereas the glucose-induced increase in plasma GIP was completely abolished by preinjection of T3 in thyroid-intact rats. These results suggest that thyroid functions are involved in the regulation of insulin and GIP secretion in rats.
Animals↗
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation of the phalanx: report of a case.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation is a rare bone lesion. We report a case from a 47-year-old female patient who had pain and swelling of the right index finger for two months. On the basis of the frozen section diagnosis of benign lesion, probably myositis ossificans, she received tumor excision and has been free of recurrence in two years and ten months duration since. This case emphasized the importance of clinical, radiological and pathological correlation on approaching the diagnosis and treatment of the lesion.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Alterations with age of the T3-stimulated release of atrial natriuretic peptide and its effect on water and sodium metabolism in rats.
The influence of age on urinary excretion of sodium and water and in vitro release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were studied in rats. Older rats had increased daily water intake and urine output. They also had increased plasma ANP, decreased right atrial contents of ANP and increased ANP release in response to 10 nM T3. The ageing process may have altered the regulatory mechanisms of water metabolism and secretion of ANP.
Aging↗
The effects of Qi-Qong ocular exercise on accommodation.
Visual-training methods in management of myopia are suggested as possibly leading to normal vision or an improvement in the refractive state. The purpose of this work was to investigate the hypothesis that a Qi-Qong ocular exercise improves visual function by training the accommodation bias. Variations of pupil size, accommodative amplitude, latency and speed of accommodative response and accommodative adaptation were evaluated objectively. The accommodative state was monitored with an objective infrared refractometer (Nidek AA-2000). Subjects were divided into two groups: experimental (n = 9), and control (n = 8). Subjects of the experimental group undertook the Qi-Qong ocular exercise for at least three years, and were able to perform the exercise smoothly and gently. Subjects of the control group had no knowledge of the Qi-Qong ocular exercise, but were given the same testing procedures as the experimental group. Results showed that Qi-Qong ocular exercise can improve the accommodative amplitude and accelerate the accommodative response slightly, but there was no effect on the latency of accommodative response. Furthermore, the level of accommodative adaptation was elevated, and the pupil became slight miotic. Therefore, the mechanism of visual improvement may undergo a great accommodative adaptation and produce a pinhole effect by miosis of the pupil. Methods of visual training can produce a false image of visual improvement from an enhanced parasympathetic response to a task, but this effect may be a factor that induces progression of myopia.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
Coverage of chest wall defect with pectoralis-breast myocutaneous flap: a report of two cases.
Reconstruction of a chest wall defect remains a challenging problem, especially where such defects are radiation related. Two cases of modified breast flaps associated with pectoralis major muscle were performed to cover a huge mediastinal defect, with heart lung exposure and a post-mastectomy radiation-related chest wall defect with partial rib resection. Both modified breast flaps healed uneventfully. No respiratory distress was encountered post-operatively. The breast flap associated with pectoralis major muscle ensured flap reliability and minimized flap complication. It is easy to raise and its size is large enough to cover of large chest wall defect which is radiation related, or those internal mammary arteries and thoracodorsal arteries compromised in previous surgery where the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap and latissimus dorsi flap become unreliable. In such cases a contralateral modified breast flap associated with pectoralis major muscle is the better choice.
Aged↗
Leukocyte adhesion molecules in oral lichen planus: a T cell-mediated immunopathologic process.
Oral lichen planus exhibits features of a mucosal type IV immunopathologic process. Adhesion molecules involved in the trafficking and homing of T lymphocytes to the subepithelial compartment were assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Laminin, type IV collagen and type VII collagen extracellular matrix components at the epithelial-connective tissue junction are significantly increased and serve as ligands for beta 1 integrins on lymphocyte membranes. Endothelial-associated intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and extracellular matrix basement membrane components are also significantly increased in the submucosa. Keratinocyte expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 may serve as ligands for lymphocyte T cell receptor complex and beta 2 integrins, respectively. These adhesion molecules are probably involved in the trafficking of lymphocytes to the epithelial connective tissue interface in response to as of yet undefined antigens.
Analysis of Variance↗
Age-related differences in gastric acid secretion and response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide after oral glucose in male rats.
Effects of aging on the secretion of gastric acid and the response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin after oral glucose were studied. Male rats with the age of 3 and 20 months (mo) were fasted overnight before anesthetization with pentobarbital (25 mg/kg BW, ip). The right jugular vein was catheterized for pentagastrin infusion. A PE-320 cannula was introduced into the stomach through an incision in the duodenum and was ligated about 0.5 cm from the pylorus. The stomach was flushed through the esophagus cannula via a peristaltic pump with 10 ml saline at room temperature and then irrigated with saline. Acid output was determined by titration of the flushed perfusate with 0.01 N NaOH to pH 7.0. Basal secretions were collected for 45 min before intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (0.5 microgram/kg/min) for 90 min, then for an addition 45 min. In another experiment, rats were fasted for 4 hours before an oral glucose load (3.2 g/kg). Blood samples were collected from each animal via a jugular catheter at -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min following glucose ingestion. The concentrations of plasma GIP, insulin and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. The plasma T3 concentration was decreased in male rats during aging. Pentagastrin infusion stimulated gastric acid secretion in both old and young rats. The spontaneous gastric acid secretion in 20 mo rats was not significantly different from that in 3 mo rats. However, the secretion of gastric acid in response to pentagastrin was greater in 20 mo rats than in 3 mo rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aging↗
Effect of hypothyroidism on the in vitro release of atrial natriuretic peptide in response to sodium challenge in rats.
The release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in vitro in response to the challenge of sodium chloride was investigated in hypothyroid rats. Male rats were injected with propylthiouracil (PTU, 20mg/kg BW, intraperitoneally), or PTU and thyroxine (T4, 20 micrograms/kg BW, subcutaneously) once daily for 14 days before decapitation. Rats injected with saline were used as control. The plasma samples were collected and extracted by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The concentrations of ANP in extracted plasma were measured by a radioimmunoassay (RIA). PTU-induced hypothyroidism resulted in decreased concentrations of plasma ANP. Replacement of T4 in PTU-treated hypothyroid rats restored the plasma concentrations of ANP to normal levels. Furthermore, we examined the right atrial ANP contents and the in vitro release of ANP in PTU-treated rats and control animals. The right atrium was excised and divided into 5 equal pieces, one was homogenized with 0.1 N HCl and extracted by Sep-Pak C18 immediately, and the others were incubated with Locke's solution at 37 degrees C. After basal incubation for 30 min, rat atrial tissues were then incubated with 154, 160, or 165 mM NaCl for 30 min. The concentrations of ANP in extracted atrial tissue and medium samples were also measured by RIA. Decreased atrial contents of ANP were noted in hypothyroid rats. The in vitro release of ANP in response to 165 mM sodium ion was significantly lower in PTU than in saline-injected animals. These results suggest that lower concentration of plasma ANP in hypothyroid rats is at least in part due to impairment of stimulation-secretion responses of right atria during thyroid hypofunction in rats.
Animals↗
A semiinvasive method for articular Colles' fractures.
An external fixation device that allows limited motion of the wrist joint without disruption of the anatomic alignment was used for the articular Colles' fractures in this study. From July 1985 to April 1989 during a 45-month period, 87 patients with 90 articular Colles' fractures (three cases with bilateral involvement) were treated with a modified dynamic external skeletal device after a closed reduction in full supination of the forearm. Excellent anatomic reduction near 91% of the sound wrist as well as satisfactory functional results around 90.5% of the sound wrist were gained during the 24-month follow-up period. Forearm muscles exert compression forces on distal radial metaphyseal fractures throughout the healing period. Any procedure or device that cannot provide constant counterforce to the action of forearm muscles during fracture healing will result in the loss of anatomic reduction. Adequate distraction counter-force was provided by an external fixation device that was superior to other conventional methods because of its simple application, low rate of complications, and excellent anatomic and functional results.
Adolescent↗
Age-related differences in the release of luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovariectomized rats.
The effect of aging on the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro and of luteinizing hormone (LH) both in vivo and in vitro in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats was studied. Old (21-24 months) and young (3-4 months) rats were Ovx before use. They were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate (25 micrograms/kg) or sesame oil for 3 days and then challenged with GnRH (0.5, 2 or 10 micrograms/kg) via a jugular catheter. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min following GnRH injection. For in vitro study, Ovx rats were decapitated. The anterior pituitary glands (APs) were incubated with GnRH (0.1 or 10 nM) and estradiol (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 nM) at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The mediobasal hypothalamus was superfused with Locke's solution at 37 degrees C for 210 min, and stimulated with 60 mM KCl at 90 and 150 min. The medium samples were collected at 10-min intervals. Concentrations of GnRH and LH in plasma and medium samples were measured by radioimmunoassay. In all rats, the basal and GnRH-stimulated levels of plasma LH were lower in old than in young rats. The spontaneous release of LH in vitro from APs of Ovx rats was increased by aging, whereas GnRH-stimulated release of LH in vitro was lower in old than in young animals. The potassium-stimulated, but not spontaneous, release of GnRH was lower in old than in young Ovx rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aging↗
Age-related differences in the spontaneous and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated release of prolactin and thyrotropin in ovariectomized rats.
Effect of estradiol on the spontaneous and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated release of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) in young and aged ovariectomized (Ovx) rats was investigated. Old (22-26 months) and young (3 months) female rats were Ovx 3 weeks before use. They were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate (EB, 25 micrograms/kg) or sesame oil for 3 days and were catheterized via the right jugular vein. Twenty hours after the last administration of EB, rats were injected with TRH (10 micrograms/kg) through the catheter. Blood samples were collected before and 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min after TRH injection. On the day following blood sampling, all rats were decapitated. The anterior pituitary glands (APs) were excised, and incubated with or without TRH (10 ng/ml) at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The basal level of PRL concentration in plasma samples was 5-fold higher in old Ovx rats than in young Ovx rats. Five min after TRH injection, the increase in plasma PRL was greater in old animals than in young animals. Plasma PRL remained higher in old animals than in young animals at 10, 20, 40 and 60 min following TRH challenge. Administration of EB to old and to young Ovx rats produced increases in both basal and TRH-stimulated secretions of PRL, but did not affect the difference in plasma PRL patterns between old and young animals. The release of PRL from APs was increased significantly in all rats after a 30-min incubation with TRH. In Ovx rats injected with oil, the basal release of PRL in vitro was increased with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age Factors↗