Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Yoshida.
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The trypsin inhibitor of adzuki (Phaseolus angularis) beans shows a CD spectrum with a negative extremum at 280 nm and a positive shoulder around 245 nm. Since the inhibitor lacks tryptophan and tyrosine, the observed CD spectrum can be attributed to the six disulfide groups in the molecule. The CD features completely disappeared on reduction of the disulfide groups, and converged into a single negative extremum at 270 nm when the groups were modified to form mixed disulfides with glutathione. These observations of the CD properties of the inhibitor strongly suggest the presence of disulfide groups constrained with respect to their dihedral angles.
Two proteinase inhibitors, designated as inhibitors I and II, were purified from adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis) by chromatographies on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. Each inhibitor shows unique inhibitory activities. Inhibitor I was a powerful inhibitor of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], but essentially not of chymotrypsin ]EC 3.4.21.1]. On the other hand, inhibitor II inhibited chymotrypsin more strongly than trypsin. The molecular weights estimated from the enzyme inhibition were 3,750 and 9,700 for inhibitors I and II, respectively, assuming that the inhibitions were stoichiometric and in 1 : 1 molar ratio. The amino acid compositions of both inhibitors closely resemble those of low molecular weight inhibitors of other leguminous seeds: they contain large amounts of half-cystine, aspartic acid and serine, and little or no hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. Inhibitor I lacks both tyrosine and tryptophan residues. The molecular weights were calculated to be 7,894 and 8,620 for inhibitors I and II, respectively. The reliability of these molecular weights was confirmed by the sedimentation equilibrium and 6 M guanidine gel filtration methods. On comparison with the values obtained from enzyme inhibition, it was concluded that inhibitor I and two trypsin inhibitory sites on the molecule, whereas inhibitor II had one chymotrypsin and one trypsin inhibitory sites on the molecule.
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The tongue was examined for the presence of haemorrhages in 264 medicolegal autopsy cases. The tongue was sectioned transversely and examined macroscopically and microscopically. Haemorrhages were found in marginal and/or central parts of the tongue in 104 cases. Among them, 28 cases showed haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue. Those haemorrhages in central parts of the tongue were seen only in cases of severe 'congestive death'. The possibility must therefore be considered of a severe 'asphyxial death', if haemorrhages are found in central parts of the tongue during autopsy.
The incidence of gallbladder diseases, in particular of gallstones, was investigated in 268 cases during follow-up after resection of a gastric cancer. Factors investigated for correlation with any incidence included the extent of gastrectomy, reconstruction, and the degree of lymph node dissection. Moreover, in 20 of these, the contractile function test using a cerulein injection was performed, while in a further 6 cases, a sequential contractile function test with fatty meal was performed. The incidence of gallstones was 10.5% after total gastrectomy, 12.4% after distal gastrectomy. Debris was found in a further 6.7% after total gastrectomy and in 1.2% after distal gastrectomy. There was no difference in the incidence of gallstones among the reconstruction methods. With respect to lymph node dissection, the incidence of gallstone formation was 16.3% after D3 and 8.5% after D2-1. In the contractile function test, although the basal area was significantly larger after D3 than after D2-1, there was no difference in the contractile rate. The sequential contractile function test showed a peak contraction at 15 minutes after feeding with gradual refilling in both those after D3 and those after D2-1.