A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of brain vascular malformations.
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Brain Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
C Young
Publications and source records attributed to C Young.
Chylous ascites: total parenteral nutrition as primary therapeutic modality.
A female infant with Down syndrome and congenital chylous ascites presented at birth with respiratory distress secondary to marked abdominal distension. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and paracentesis were the primary therapeutic modality. On hyperalimentation, however, ascites initially recurred, requiring additional paracenteses to improve respiratory distress. The chylous ascites, lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia were relieved after 10 weeks of TPN administration. We recommend a long-term course (10 weeks) of TPN before an exploratory laparatomy and possible surgical intervention are considered.
Chylous Ascites↗
Time course of permeability changes and PMN flux in rat trachea following O3 exposure.
Changes in rat tracheal epithelial permeability and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) populations during a 24-hr time period following a 3-hr exposure to 0.8 ppm ozone (O3) were investigated. An increase in permeability to 99mTc-diethylene-triaminepentaacetate (DTPA) occurred immediately after the exposure, peaked at the 8-hr time point and decreased to control level by 24 hr. For correlation with tracheal permeability, tracheal cross sections were stained with naphthol AS-D chloroacetate and PMNs were scored by their location as well as staining characteristics (positive or negative). The total PMN population remained at the control value at the 0-, 4-, and 8-hr time points, and increased at 12 hr, followed by a rapid decline to below the control value for the remaining time points. There was a shift at the 8-hr time point in the population location, from the vasculature to the interstitium, which returned to control values at 12 hr. The percentage stained PMNs increased significantly at 16 hr while remaining at control values for all other time points. The data reveal that there is a significant increase in tracheal epithelial permeability immediately after the exposure, but the overall increase in the PMN population is preceded by a lag phase. A decrease in the vascular pool of PMNs concomitant with an increase in the interstitial pool of PMNs suggests their migration from blood to the interstitium after ozone exposure. These data indicate that while PMNs may play a role in permeability changes of tracheal epithelium, the initiation is most likely due to other factors.
Animals↗
Different distributions of dystrophin and related proteins at nerve-muscle junctions.
The distributions of dystrophin, 'dystrophin-related protein' (DRP) and beta-spectrin were compared with that of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at rat nerve-muscle junctions (NMJs) using immunofluorescence techniques. In sections, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to dystrophin and beta-spectrin labelled the entire sarcolemma but were concentrated at the NMJs while those to DRP labelled only NMJs. In permeabilized muscle fibres, DRP was precisely co-localized with the AChRs, whereas the zone of high density labelling of dystrophin and beta-spectrin extended 0.3-0.4 microns beyond the AChRs. Within the NMJ, the labelling of DRP appeared as a series of interconnecting lines similar to that of AChRs. However, labelling of dystrophin and beta-spectrin was consistently more punctate. These data suggest DRP is more closely associated with AChRs than are dystrophin or beta-spectrin.
Animals↗
Linguistic performance as a function of abstract task demands in children with spina bifida.
Children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus (SBH) have been observed to have deficits in discourse, characterized by a high frequency of irrelevant utterances and poorer performance with abstract than concrete language. The Preschool Language Assessment Instrument (PLAI) was used to compare children with SBH and language-age controls on discourse skills at four levels of abstraction. In addition, a qualitative assessment of differences in types of inadequate productions was conducted. Children with SBH performed comparably to controls on concrete levels of the PLAI, but they produced significantly more 'no response' and irrelevant responses than the controls.
Attention↗
Abscess formation complicated in ovarian mucinous cystadenoma: a case report.
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Abscess↗
A porcine model for adipose tissue-derived endothelial cell transplantation.
The transplantation of endothelial cells represents a technology which has been suggested for applications ranging from improvement in function of implanted vascular devices to genetic therapy. The use of microvascular endothelial cell transplantation has seen increased use both in animal studies as well as clinical use. This report describes our techniques for the isolation and establishment of initial cultures of microvascular endothelial cells derived from porcine fat. A variety of anatomic sites within the pig were evaluated to determine the appropriateness of different sources of fat for endothelial cell isolation. The properitoneal fat was determined to be optimal due to the predominance of endothelium in this tissue and the ease of isolation of microvascular endothelium following collagenase digestion. The study of endothelial cell transplantation in the porcine model is now possible using the methods described for adipose tissue-derived microvessel endothelial cell isolation.
Actins↗
In vitro postantibiotic effect of roxithromycin and erythromycin against gram-positive cocci.
A persistent suppression of bacterial growth following a brief exposure to an antibiotic (postantibiotic effect [PAE]) has been described for a variety of antibiotics and microorganisms. Data concerning PAE have not yet been demonstrated in Taiwan. In this study, the PAEs of erythromycin (EM) and roxithromycin (RXM) against 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 of Streptococcus pyogenes and 1 of Streptococcus pneumoniae were tested. Dilution method was used for removal of drugs. Two controls, one free of drug and one in 1/1000 of the original drug concentrations were used. The results showed that the PAE lasted longer in strains of S. aureus (RXM 1.7-2.1 h; EM 1.7-2.1 h) and S. pyogenes (RXM 1.7-3.0 h; EM 1.9-2.9 h) than those in S. pneumoniae (RXM 0.6-1.6 h; EM 0.8-1.4 h). There was no difference of PAE between RXM and EM against each bacterial strain tested.
Erythromycin↗
Structure and function of neuromuscular junctions in the vastus lateralis of man. A motor point biopsy study of two groups of patients.
The properties of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in the vastus lateralis of man have been studied in motor point biopsy samples and compared with those reported for lower vertebrates (frogs and mice). The patients studied had no convincing evidence of a primary disturbance of neuromuscular transmission or other neurogenic component. Morphological studies were made using a variety of methods at the light- and electron-microscope levels. The size of the presynaptic nerve terminal and the area of postsynaptic specialization were smaller, relative to the size of the muscle fibres, than in the lower vertebrates. In contrast, the extent of postsynaptic folding was greater. Intracellular recordings from single muscle fibres showed that the duration of synaptic currents was longer than in most other vertebrates so far studied and that the number of transmitter 'quanta' released by a single nerve impulse, about 20, was lower, probably reflecting the small size of the presynaptic terminals. The hypothesis is discussed that in man, a relatively weak effect of transmitter on the muscle fibre surface is amplified by voltage-dependent sodium channels which have been shown in the rat to be concentrated in the depths of the synaptic folds. The implications of this hypothesis for the interpretation of pathological findings in myasthenic syndromes are also discussed.
Adolescent↗
Infantile osteopetrosis: report of two cases.
Two cases of infantile osteopetrosis are reported. Both were males aged four and eight months at presentation. They presented with osteosclerotic change of the bone, leukoerythroblastic anemia, optic atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly and frequent infection. The histology of the bone showed thickened bone trabeculae with little osteoclastic activity, although in one patient the number of osteoclasts increased, while in the other they did not. One received a bone marrow transplant (BMT) but died from disseminated cytomegaloviral infection, pulmonary hemorrhage and sepsis. The post-transplant marrow histology showed evidence of engraftment and osteoclastic activity. The other only received a course of prednisolone, which was of little help. His condition has followed a natural course with progressive visual impairment and marrow failure. Our cases suggest that infantile osteopetrosis should be taken into consideration in dealing with infants who present with early marrow failure and that patients of infantile osteopetrosis should receive BMT. BMTs appear to be the only cure. They should be given as early as possible to avoid major consequences and severe infection.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Computed tomography in superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
This is the first report of the use of computed tomography (CT) in a patient with classic features of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. CT was able to simultaneously demonstrate the characteristic duodenal distension and the close proximity of superior mesenteric vessels and aorta. In addition, it was possible to show that CT signs improved after clinical symptoms disappeared during adequate nutritional therapy. CT together with anthropometric data indicated that the deposition of fat did not play the expected role in the resolution of SMA syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Relative effects of feeding saturated fats and cholesterol on fluidity of rabbit lipoproteins.
1. The effects of saturated fat and cholesterol on lipoprotein fluidity were tested in New Zealand white rabbits fed diets containing corn oil (CO) or cocoa butter (CB) with and without added 0.2% cholesterol. 2. Saturated fats had little effect on fluidity in any lipoprotein fraction. 3. Cholesterol feeding dramatically reduced fluidity in VLDL and LDL, but minimal change was noted in HDL. 4. Cholesterol-fed rabbits were hypercholesteroloemic throughout the 10-month study. 5. The rabbits became adapted to cholesterol feeding as VLDL became more fluid with time.
Animals↗
Radiofrequency catheter ablation for treatment of bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia: results and long-term follow-up.
Seven of 120 consecutive patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia (from September 1, 1988 to January 1, 1991) had bundle branch reentrant tachycardia and underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the right bundle branch. The seven patients had been unsuccessfully treated with a mean of 3 +/- 1 drugs. Four patients presented with syncope and three with aborted sudden death. The baseline electrocardiogram revealed a left bundle branch block pattern in three patients and an intraventricular conduction defect in four. The baseline HV interval was prolonged in each case (79 +/- 2 ms). With use of programmed ventricular extrastimuli, sustained bundle branch reentrant tachycardia was inducible in all patients at a mean cycle length of 283 +/- 17 ms (range 230 to 350). Bundle branch reentrant tachycardia characteristics included atrioventricular dissociation, a His deflection that preceded each QRS complex and spontaneous His to His variation that preceded changes in ventricular tachycardia cycle length. A quadripolar catheter was positioned across the tricuspid valve with the distal electrode tip of the catheter near the right bundle branch. One to three applications of continuous unmodulated radiofrequency current at 300 kHz between the distal electrode and a large posterior skin patch resulted in complete right bundle branch block in all patients, after which none had inducible bundle branch reentrant tachycardia on restudy. On restudy, three of the seven patients had ventricular tachycardia of myocardial origin (not bundle branch reentry). One patient required no therapy; drug or defibrillator therapy was used in the others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Cognitive failure in a terminally ill patient.
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Aged↗
Current status of radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM), regardless of the mode of discovery, have an annual risk of hemorrhage of approximately 4 percent. A progressive obliterative vasculitis culminating in the occlusion of an AVM may be induced by the administration of radiation doses of approximately 20 Gy given in a single fraction. The process takes about two years and occlusion occurs in approximately 80% of patients so treated. Such a dose may be accurately administered to AVMs up to 3 cm in diameter with very little radiation imparted to the adjacent brain by means of multiple highly collimated radially arranged cobalt sources (the Gamma Knife) or by means of a modified linear accelerator turned through an arc or arcs with the target AVM as the centre of rotation. The Gamma Knife and the modified linear accelerator have nearly equal accuracy. Recent experience with modified linear accelerators indicates efficacy equal to the Gamma Knife. Both devices are effective treatment for small AVMs but the cost of modifying a pre-existing linear accelerator is only a few percent of the acquisition and installation costs of the Gamma Knife.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Gas-forming vertebral osteomyelitis in diabetic patients.
We report 2 cases of gas-forming vertebral osteomyelitis in diabetic patients. Both were caused by gram-negative bacilli, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Both ran a fulminant course to death despite appropriate parenteral antibiotics. We suggest that early surgical intervention may be needed in cases with gas-forming vertebral osteomyelitis.
Aged↗
Nucleotide sequence of Rhizobium loti nodI.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Prostatein C3-mRNA: a sensitive marker of androgen-responsiveness in prostate explant cultures.
Prostatein is an androgen-dependent protein which is secreted by the rat ventral prostate. To determine if prostatein or its mRNA were responsive to androgen in vitro, prostate explants were cultured in media containing 0 or 25 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), or cortisol (F). Prostatein concentrations in medium were measured by radioimmunoassay at 2 and 4 days and in homogenates at 4 days. They were not changed significantly by any of these steroids. The concentration of the mRNA for the C3-subunit of prostatein was determined by dot hybridization at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. It was decreased significantly by 2 days when compared with explants cultured in the presence of DHT and significant differences persisted through 8 days. In conclusion, quantitation of the mRNA for the C3-subunit of prostatein in short-term cultures of ventral prostate explants appears to be more sensitive to changes in androgen concentration than does measurement of prostatein, per se. Prostatein C3-mRNA may be a useful marker for in vitro studies of androgen agonists and antagonists.
Androgen-Binding Protein↗