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Biomedical subjects

C Zanetti

Publications and source records attributed to C Zanetti.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Rabies-specific production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from human rabies vaccinees.

Cell-mediated immunity induced by rabies vaccination was studied in humans by the determination of specific interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in a large number of donors (postexposure immunized patients and pre-exposure immunized laboratory workers). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 35 donors were tested for IL-2 production after in vitro stimulation by different rabies and rabies-related viruses. IL-2 responses were compared to antibody recognition of these different virus serotypes by sera from the same individuals. IL-2 was produced by PBL from more than 85% of donors after stimulation with inactivated and purified rabies viruses (IPRV) prepared from either Pittman Moore (PM) or Pasteur Virus (PV) strains. IL-2 was also produced by 65 and 45% of donor PBL stimulated with IPRV from the European Bat Lyssavirus (EBL) and Mokola (Mok) rabies-related virus strains respectively. No correlation was found between the production of IL-2 by PBL and the levels of virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb). Moreover, 50, 25 and 35% of donors produced IL-2 after stimulation of their PBL with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) from PV-, EBL- and Mok-viruses, respectively. These results obtained with a large number of human rabies vaccinees and using an assay specific to T-cell activation confirm the significant cross-reactivity of T-cell responses directed against rabies and rabies-related viruses. This study shows that IL-2 production could be used for the study of cell-mediated immunity and T-cell memory induced in humans by rabies vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Appraisal of rabies vaccine potency by determination of in vitro, specific interleukin-2 production.

The potency of different rabies vaccines was measured via cell mediated immunity (CMI) assessed by the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by CD4+CD8- lymphocytes. IL-2 production by splenocytes from mice immunized with various vaccines was measured following in vitro stimulation with antigens from different rabies and rabies-related strains. IL-2 production was specific, reproducible and correlated with the vaccine protective activity as determined by the pre-exposure NIH test. Our results suggest that measurement of IL-2 production could be used for the appraisal of rabies vaccine potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of interleukin-2 activity by liposomes.

The present report demonstrates that liposomes increase the interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line (CTLL) cells used for the measurement of IL-2 activity. This effect was better observed with suboptimal doses of IL-2 and low concentrations of lipids. The increased IL-2 dependent proliferation is not due to a direct effect of liposomes on CTLL cells but rather to an interaction between IL-2 and liposomes. An interaction between IL-2 and components of fetal calf serum is also demonstrated. The results indicate that liposomes may interfere with IL-2 bioassay but also show the possibility of potentiating IL-2 activity for therapeutic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hyperbaric and transcorneal delivery of oxygen to the rabbit and monkey anterior segment.

When delivered to the corneal surface of rabbits for 30 minutes, 100% oxygen can significantly increase the mean (+/- SD) partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the aqueous humor (from 63.5 +/- 12.3 mm Hg [n = 12] to 139.5 +/- 32.4 mm Hg [n = 8]). Similar elevations were seen in monkeys. Under hyperbaric conditions (2 atm) for 30 minutes the aqueous PO2 in rabbits breathing room air can be increased to 295.2 +/- 132.4 mm Hg (n = 7) by exposing the rabbit cornea to 100% oxygen for 30 minutes. The high PO2 under these hyperbaric conditions is mediated by both vascular and transcorneal delivery of oxygen. The increase of PO2 in the rabbit aqueous can prevent or reverse sickling of intracameral human erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin. The exposure of rabbit eyes to 100% oxygen at the corneal surface is followed by autoregulation (constriction) of the iris vasculature. Transcorneal or vascular delivery of oxygen to the eye under normobaric or hyperbaric conditions may possibly benefit patients with hypoxic diseases of the anterior segment such as anterior segment necrosis, rubeosis iridis, or sickle cell hyphema.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro model for the evaluation of toxicity and antinutritional effects of sulphites.

The food preservatives, sulphur dioxide and its salts, are known to present some toxic, mutagenic and antinutritional effects; in fact they interact with a number of nutrients, e.g. some vitamins, notably thiamine (Th) and folic acid (FA). The effect of different concentrations of sodium bisulphite in cell culture media has been studied in vitro on a human cell line, HEp-2, deriving from a carcinoma of the larynx. Moreover, the sulphites have been tested with different levels of Th and FA with the aim of elucidating how much the cellular response depended on either the anti-nutritional effect or the toxicity of sulphites. Cell growth has been taken as an index of cytotoxicity and measured both as total protein content and as colony-forming ability. With no Th and FA in the culture medium, a clear decrease of cell growth was observed either with or without addition of sodium bisulphite. A dose-dependent reduction of protein content was detected in cells treated with 10, 50, 100, 200, 250 or 500 microM sodium bisulphite. Moreover, when the cells were treated with 10 or 100 microM of this compound, the colony-forming ability was reduced both in number and colony size. As far as the interaction of the two vitamins with sodium bisulphite is concerned, when these nutrients were present in the medium at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 mg/l, a similar growth profile, determined from their concentration, was observed in treated and control cells, the growth levels being affected by the sodium bisulphite contents. At higher levels of Th and FA, the growth index was still increasing only in treated cells, this phenomenon being particularly evident in cultures treated with 200 microM sodium bisulphite. The colony-forming ability was reduced in controls but still increased in treated cells at the highest concentration of vitamins.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kinds of home accidents].

A survey on hospitalization due to domestic accidents conducted in Padua in three public hospitals shows that between 1979 and 1988 there were 12.251 cases. Women in particular seemed to be affected by the phenomenon (7.926 cases, 64.7% of total) especially if aged 45 years or over (6.382 hospitalizations). Home injuries among females are the second cause of hospitalization due to trauma and represent the leading cause of accidental deaths (355 cases during the period of the survey). Lethality of this kind of injury progressively increases starting from the ages 30-44, and reaches 7.1% in older people (60 years or over). The causes of these accidents have been analyzed in 197 cases of fatal domestic accidents during the five years 1984 to 1988 and in 277 cases of non fatal accidents that involved subjects between the ages of 15 and 59 during the years 1986. In both situations the most frequent cause was falling (132 fatal, 159 non fatal cases); this finding shows the importance of a primary prevention programme based on the improvement of domestic structures and more care in furniture planning. The second place both among fatal and non fatal injuries belongs to burns (21 fatal and 17 non fatal). These frequently arise from incorrect behavior and emphasize in this way the necessity of improving sanitary education. A great number of home accidents (33 hospitalizations), can be attributed to bad working instruments or absence of security devices. This all shows the necessity of specific security regulations regarding installations and utensils of domestic use.

Accidental Falls↗