Biomedical subjects

C Zechel

Publications and source records attributed to C Zechel.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Importance of the C-terminal alpha-helical structure for glucagon's biological activity.

The synthetic glucagon analogues [Glu21]glucagon, 2, and [Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon, 3, were designed using Chou-Fasman calculations for the purpose of enhancing the probability for the formation of a C-terminal amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. Circular dichroism indicates increased alpha-helical content for these analogues in solution relative to glucagon. Analogues 2 and 3 also exhibit a 3-fold and 5-fold increase in receptor binding potency, respectively. The adenylate cyclase stimulating potencies of 2 and 3 relative to glucagon are 2.1 and 7 times greater, respectively. Attempts were made at further alpha-helical enhancement by further substitutions in the 10-13 region of glucagon, as represented by the glucagon analogues [Phe13,Lys17,18 Glu21]glucagon, 4, and [Phe10,13,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon, 5. These latter substitutions resulted in lowered receptor binding and adenylate cyclase potencies for 4 and 5 relative to 3 despite increased alpha-helical content in solution as observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗

PubMed1988

v-erbB related sequences in Xiphophorus that map to melanoma determining Mendelian loci and overexpress in a melanoma cell line.

Certain genotypes of Xiphophorus harbour an accessory Mendelian gene which following loss, impairment, or insufficiency of its regulatory genes in the germ line, mediates the hereditary capacity to develop neoplasia spontaneously or following induction with initiating and promoting carcinogens. Together with its linked regulatory genes it forms a 'tumor gene-complex' (Tu-complex). We concentrated on accessory sex chromosomal Tu-complexes that are responsible for sex chromosome-linked melanoma formation. Southern analyses of the xiphophorine genome with 15 authentic oncogene probes revealed so far that only three v-erbB related EcoRI fragments comprising 4.9 kb of a certain X-, 11.5 kb of another X-, and 6.7 kb of both a Y- and Z-chromosome are inherited in parallel with the Tu-complex and melanoma formation. They are accessory in the genome, and are highly homologous with each other. The sequence of the X-chromosomal 4.9 kb fragment shows minor but significant differences to that of the invariably present autosomal xiphophorine erbB (x-erbB) fragment of 5.5 kb, indicating that at least two different x-erbB genes coding for different EGF receptors can exist in the fish. Northern analyses showed expression of both genes in a fibroblast cell line, and overexpression of the sex chromosomal x-erbB in a melanoma cell line. The co-segregation of the hereditary trait of melanoma with the sex chromosomal x-erbB fragments, suggests that the accessory x-erbB gene may be responsible for the switch from the normal to the neoplastic state of the pigment cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1987

Melanin concentrating hormone exhibits both MSH and MCH activities on individual melanophores.

Asp-Thr-Met-Arg-Cys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val (melanin concentrating hormone, MCH) and several fragment analogs (MCH1-14, MCH5-17, MCH5-14) were synthesized and their biological activities determined in a very sensitive fish skin bioassay. The potency ranking and minimum effective doses of the peptides were determined to be: MCH1-17 (10(-12)M) greater than less than MCH5-17 (10(-12)M) greater than MCH1-14 (10(-11)M) greater than MCH5-14 (2 X 10(-10)M). The melanosome aggregating activity of MCH could be completely reversed by a 100-fold higher concentration of pounds-MSH. MCH was self-antagonized in a dose-related manner by higher concentrations of the peptide as was the activity of the MCH1-14 fragment analog. The MCH activities of the MCH5-17 and MCH5-14 analogs were not compromised by even the highest concentrations of the peptides employed. The MSH-like activity of MCH appears to relate to the N-terminus of the peptide whereas MCH activity is more a function of the C-terminus of the hormone. Self-antagonism of MCH at high concentrations appears to relate to the N-terminal tetrapeptide, which is responsible for the intrinsic MSH-like activity of the hormone.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Differential structural requirements for the MSH and MCH activities of melanin concentrating hormone.

H-Asp-Thr-Met-Arg-Cys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val-OH , melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), exhibits both melanin granule concentrating and dispersing (MSH-like) activities. Fragment analogues of MCH were synthesized as described herein and the melanotropic activities of the peptides were determined. In the frog (Rana pipiens) and lizard (Anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays, the 5-17 and 5-14 fragments of MCH were inactive (at concentrations of 10(-5)M or less), whereas the 1-14 sequence exhibited minimal (about 10%) MSH-like activity compared to MCH, which, as reported previously, was about 600 times less active than alpha-MSH. In the teleost (fish) skin bioassay, the MCH5-17 analogue was equipotent to MCH, whereas the 1-14 analogue was 10-30 times and the cyclic N- and C- terminal truncated analogue, MCH5-14, was about 300 times less active than MCH. These results suggest that the N-terminal sequence is particularly critical to MSH-like activity in the tetrapod species studied, whereas other structural regions of MCH, particularly in the C-terminal, are more related to MCH activity in teleosts.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The biologic lower detection limit of six ultrasensitive PSA assays.

BACKGROUND: The benefit of monitoring patients with prostate cancer (PCA) by ultrasensitive measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is frequently discussed. Usually, the analytic lower detection limit of an ultrasensitive assay is determined by the manufacturer. As the analytic lower detection limit does not take into account interfering factors of human serum, the biologic lower detection limit, which is defined as PSA concentration detected in PSA-free human serum, plus 3 standard deviations, is of greater interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the biologic lower detection limit of six ultrasensitive PSA assays. Sera from 15 men with bladder cancer after radical cystoprostatectomy and from 30 healthy women were applied. Hence, we expected no PSA of prostatic origin. RESULTS: The biologic lower detection limit obtained using these sera was up to 30 fold higher (men, 0.29-0.63 ng/ml; women, 0.03-0.69 ng/ml) than the analytic lower detection limit (0.01-0.09 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS: PSA measurement in sera obtained from men without prostate and women results in PSA values above the ultrasensitive range. Therefore, advantages provided by ultrasensitive PSA measurement in monitoring PCA patients after radical prostatectomy are limited.

Environmental Monitoring↗