Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Cécile Raynal.
This text is the second part of a forward article about the history of minerals water's sold by chemists. It studies specially the evolution of containers and labels: they are the reflect of the application of law and technology.
In May, 1605, King Henri IV established the first national regulation of water in France. Mineral waters were considered as therapeutic, so pharmacists were expected to sell them. In 1823, pharmacists obtained a relative independence to sell mineral waters. Some of them became spring operators. In 1964, the bottling's licence obliged them to modernize their installations. Some of them abandoned. Gradually, mineral waters arrived in supermarkets and disappeared from pharmacies. Since 1980, mineral waters are not considered any more as therapeutic. They are now only good for the health.
Life and temporary death of a geat french mineral water: Bussang (1615-1983).
In this article, the author redraws the professional life of the pharmacists and doctors of the Genevoix family by leaning on the autobiographical recollections of the famous writer Maurice Genevoix.
Alexandre Dumas' work is rich in medical and pharmaceutical occurrences. The author studies them in this article.
The authors study of the history of "Tho-Radia", a cream with base of thorium and radium, launched in 1933 by Dr Alfred Curie and a pharmacist, Alexis Moussali. Tho-Radia disappears near 1960.
Destinated, first, to cure gynecologic diseases, the irrigator Eguisier is the result of the work of two men: Maurice Eguisier (gynecologist) and François Libault (truss manufacturer). The patents and the trademark allowed the author to recall the commercial history of this machine which existed during the last fifteen years of the XIXe century.