Biomedical subjects

Carl M Brezausek

Publications and source records attributed to Carl M Brezausek.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Does time spent in child care influence risk for unintentional injury?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of quantity and quality of early child care on children's risk for unintentional injury. METHODS: A diverse cohort of 1,225 children was recruited from several sites in the United States and followed from birth until first grade. Quantity and quality of child care from birth until entry into kindergarten were used to predict unintentional injuries from age 6 months until first grade. Measures from an evaluation at 6 months of age were tested as covariates. RESULTS: Children who spent more time in nonparental childcare environments were at slightly reduced risk for unintentional injury after controlling for child (gender, temperament), family [socioeconomic status (SES)], parent (positive parenting), and child care (quality of care) characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss possible explanations for the results, including the possibilities that childcare center environments are safer than the homes of most preschoolers or that attendance in child care is nonrandom.

Child Care↗

PubMed2005

Injury risk among children of low-income U.S.-born and immigrant mothers.

The number of immigrants in the United States is at an all time high, yet psychologists have largely ignored the domain of immigrant health. This article considers 1 aspect of immigrant health, risk for pediatric injury. A sample of over 5,000 5-year-old children from impoverished families was studied; approximately 13% had immigrant mothers. Children of immigrants had a significantly lower rate of injury in the prior year. This was particularly true of non-White children of immigrants. Three possible mediators for this finding--assistance with parenting, parenting style, and health care accessibility--were considered, but none explained the difference. The need for further research on the topic and implications of results for injury prevention are discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2004

Interactions between child behavior patterns and parenting: implications for children's unintentional injury risk.

OBJECTIVES: Two factors were considered as predictors of children's risk for unintentional injury: (a) children's temperamentally difficult behavior patterns and (b) parenting. Along with hypotheses to replicate previous univariate effects, it was hypothesized that active, involved parents with sufficient time resources might reduce injury risk among temperamentally at-risk children. METHODS: Study 1 used a retrospective design with a diverse sample of over 10,000 5-year-olds. Study 2 replicated Study 1 using a prospective design and behavioral data from a sample of over 1,000 children followed from 6 to 36 months of age. RESULTS: In Study 1, male gender, child hyperactivity, and family poverty predicted injury in a univariate manner. In Study 2, male gender and lack of positive parenting predicted injury in a univariate manner. Interaction effects also emerged: in Study 1 the interaction between child hyperactivity and parental time resources protected children from injury, and in Study 2 the interaction between child's difficult temperament and positive parenting protected children from injury. CONCLUSIONS: Children at increased risk for injury, i.e., those with hyperactive and difficult behavior patterns, might be protected in the environment of positive parenting. Theoretically, results suggest that researchers should consider Temperament x Environment interactions along with univariate predictors of outcome behavior. From an applied perspective, results have implications for the design of injury prevention campaigns: Parents who spend positive time with temperamentally difficult children might protect them from injury.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of fathers in toddlers' unintentional injury risk.

OBJECTIVES: Previous work suggests that maternal parenting and supervision reduces risk for children's unintentional injuries, but very little research has examined the role of fathers in children's unintentional injury risk. The role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injury was considered. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal design predicted injury risk in 181 toddlers from the ages of 6 to 36 months. Predictor variables included child gender and temperament, individual difference factors of the mother and father, and parenting factors of the mother and father. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression models suggested that fathers' report of gains to the family from their employment was the strongest predictor of risk of children's unintentional injury. Several other paternal and maternal factors were also modestly related to injury risk. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicate the need to consider the role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injuries.

Child↗