Biomedical subjects

Carlo Petrini

Publications and source records attributed to Carlo Petrini.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[A survey on some Italian doctors' opinions about errors in clinical medicine].

The paper discusses opinions on medical errors from the scientific literature and from a survey on 173 medical doctors working in a large hospital (> 500 beds) in Rome (Italy). The study is meant to explore doctors' opinions on professional and/or system responsibility in front of errors. In our hypothesis doctors are more favourable to attribute responsibility to individual carers rather than to institutions, and they are interested in solutions involving relational and communicational enhancements more than in technological or systemic innovations for risk management. The focus of the questionnaire is on errors' frequency, their principal causes and possible remedies, and their emotional impact. The main findings of the survey are presented. They confirm the idea of a medical culture essentially focused on individual responsibility rather than on system's responsibility. According to doctors the major causes of errors result from work overload and from a lack of communication inside medical teams and among different medical specialties. System errors, as well as technological solutions, are more quoted by doctors working in laboratories. Psychological consequences of errors vary by doctors' sex, length of exercise, and place of activity.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

[Ethical issues in public health].

The significance of the binomial "ethics" and "public health" is firstly described. Several definitions are given. A few characteristics making bioethics (concerning mainly individuals) different from ethics in public health (concerning populations) are described. The authors point out how bioethics has been investigated more deeply than public health ethics. Synergy between the two is desirable and efforts should be made in order to promote integration. The importance of research and training in public health ethics and of data exchange with other branches of learning are underlined. A list of national and international institutions dealing with public health ethics is given.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2004

[Italian regulation on the protection of human subjects participating to clinical studies, from the Nineties to 2004].

In chronological order, and in the light of bioethics principles, the authors describe the Italian regulation which concerns the protection of human subjects participating in clinical trials from 1990 to July 2004, the related institution of Ethical Committees and the adoption of the tool of the informed consent. The publication includes the ties that have connected the Italian regulations to the European one since the beginning. During such period, the reception of the Good Clinical Practice guidelines - which occurred in 1992 first, and finally in 1997 - has led to the establishment and the fostering of such important institutions as well as to the shaping of a network of Ethical Committees working on clinical trials and coordinated at a central level. In this paper the authors examine in particular: clinical trials of medicinal products, of medical devices and of ionizing radiations. Some implications of ethics are also discussed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2003

Ethical issues and GenomEUtwin.

The post-genomic era is witnessing a proliferation of large-scale and population based genetic and genomic research projects. Many countries have or are establishing research biobanks and, as with GenomEUtwin, there is great interest in building multinational projects that link genotypic and phenotypic information from different centers. Clearly, the conduct of these projects raises multiple ethical issues, and the knowledge generated will continually recast the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of such research. Maximising the scientific profit from this work while minimizing the risks to the participants requires full integration of ethics components into the structure and functioning of these projects. GenomEUtwin is organized around five intellectual cores, including an Ethics Core which operates across the entire project. This paper describes the role of the Ethics Core and presents an overview of the guidelines on which the principles followed in GenomEUtwin are based. We outline the major ethical concerns of our project and highlight complexities arising from diverse national legislations. Finally, the role of empirically based ethics research is discussed for understanding the ethical, legal, social and economic implications of human genetics and genomics research.

Confidentiality↗