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Biomedical subjects

Carlo R Bernardino

Publications and source records attributed to Carlo R Bernardino.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Transcaruncular orbital decompression for management of compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid-related orbitopathy.

This study was conducted to assess the outcome of transcaruncular orbital decompression to treat compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid-related orbitopathy. It involved a retrospective, noncomparative case series of 18 eyes of 10 consecutive patients with documented vision loss secondary to thyroid-related orbitopathy. Bony decompression of the orbital apex was performed via a transcaruncular approach. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, color vision, presence of diplopia, and reduction of exophthalmos. Of 18 eyes, 16 (89 percent) had improved visual acuity after the operation. One eye had no improvement and one had worsening of vision in the setting of diabetic retinopathy. Color vision was improved in 12 eyes (67 percent). Five of the patients did not have diplopia before the operation; none of these patients developed double vision after intervention. Exophthalmos was decreased by an average of 2.6 mm. The authors conclude that transcaruncular orbital decompression for compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid-related orbitopathy is successful in restoring visual function. Compared with other approaches used for decompression surgery, the transcaruncular approach offers direct access to the medial wall and orbital apex without a cutaneous incision or disruption of the medial canthus. In addition, this approach allows a controlled, graded removal of the ethmoidal air cells and reduced recovery time.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Isolation and characterization of cultured human conjunctival goblet cells.

PURPOSE: To isolate and characterize goblet cells from normal human conjunctival tissue to determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors are present and whether EGF can influence goblet cell proliferation. METHODS: Goblet cells were isolated from explant cultures established from normal conjunctival tissue harvested from patients during periocular surgery. The cells were grown in RPMI culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and characterized using morphology, histochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Proliferation was determined with a MTT proliferation assay after exposing goblet cells, which had been serum deprived for 48 hours, to increasing concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF; 0-80 ng/mL) for 24 hours. RESULTS: Goblet cells were isolated from conjunctival explants by scraping nongoblet cells from the culture dish. Human goblet cells exhibited positive reactivity with alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reagent, goblet cell-specific cytokeratin-7, HPA lectin, and MUC5AC, but negative reactivity to the stratified squamous epithelial cell marker, cytokeratin-4. The mRNA for MUC5AC was detected using RT-PCR. The presence of the EGF receptors EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 was confirmed through Western blot analysis of cell lysates. EGF elicited a concentration-dependent increase in goblet cell proliferation of 160% +/- 0.5%, 188% +/- 0.45%, 293% +/- 1.3%, and 220% +/- 0.5% of control values with 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/mL EGF, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Human goblet cells that retain characteristics of goblet cells in vivo can be cultured. EGF receptors are present in human goblet cells, and EGF stimulates their proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by cholinergic agonists and EGF in human compared with rat cultured conjunctival goblet cells.

PURPOSE: To compare activation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by cholinergic agonists and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured human and rat goblet cells. METHOD: . Conjunctiva was removed from either humans during ocular surgery or male Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in RPMI medium. These cells were incubated with the cholinergic agonist carbachol (10(-4) M) or EGF (10(-8) M) for various times. Before stimulation, cells were incubated with the EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, AG1478 (10(-7) M) or the muscarinic M(3) receptor inhibitor, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-(2-chloroethyl)-piperidine hydrochloride (4-DAMP; 10(-5) M) for 10 minutes. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis, using antibodies specific to phosphorylated (activated) p42/44-MAPK or total p42-MAPK. Immunoreactive bands were quantified, and data were expressed as percentage of increase over basal. RESULTS: Carbachol (10(-4) M) increased MAPK activity in human and rat cultured goblet cells in a time-dependent manner, increasing pMAPK with a maximum at 10 minutes. EGF (10(-8) M) activated MAPK in human and rat goblet cells in a time-dependent manner with a maximum at 5 minutes. Carbachol- and EGF-induced activation of pMAPK was completely inhibited by AG1478 in cultured conjunctival goblet cells from both species. Carbachol-induced MAPK activity was also completely inhibited by 4-DAMP in both species. CONCLUSIONS: In human and rat cultured conjunctival goblet cells, cholinergic agonists and EGF activate MAPK with a similar time dependency, this activation is receptor mediated, and cholinergic agonists transactivate the EGF receptor. Thus, rat cultured conjunctival goblet cells can be used as a model to study human conjunctival goblet cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ptosis after cataract surgery.

An often over-looked complication of routine cataract surgery is post-operative ptosis. This form of ptosis is often transient, although persistent ptosis may require surgical intervention. The causes include eyelid edema and hematoma, anesthesia myotoxicity, and use of a lid speculum or bridle suture. This review demonstrates that a thorough evaluation of the patient and determination of etiology of post-operative ptosis can help direct the need and timing for intervention.

Blepharoptosis↗