Biomedical subjects

Carlos Roberto Padovani

Publications and source records attributed to Carlos Roberto Padovani.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Morphological alterations in the epithelium of the oral mucosa of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to long-term systemic nicotine treatment.

Smoking is considered to be the most albeit preventable cause of diseases and premature deaths in the history of mankind. The local action of tobacco on the oral mucosa can cause precancerous and cancerous lesions. However, there is not enough evidence to establish all the systemic effects caused by nicotine on the organism. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular changes of the cheek mucosa of rats submitted to long-term systemic nicotine treatment. Twenty male rats were divided into two experimental groups: a nicotine group and a control group, each consisting of 10 animals. The nicotine group was injected daily with 0.250 mg of nicotine per 100 g of body weight. All animals received a solid diet and water ad libitum. After 90 days of treatment, all animals were weighed and sacrificed. Samples of cheek mucosa were collected for light and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed oral epithelium containing atypical cells that were characterized by atrophy, cell membrane disorganization and tissue damage. It was concluded that systemic administration of nicotine damaged the cellular integrity of the oral mucosa, impairing tissue function and predisposing the tissue to the action of different pathogenic agents and also to that of other carcinogenic substances present in tobacco.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Complications and risk factors in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate biopsy is not a procedure without risk. There is concern about major complications and which antibiotics are best for routine use before these biopsies. The objective was to determine the rate of complications and the possible risk factors in prostate biopsies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies were carried out in 174 patients presenting either abnormality in digital rectal examinations (DRE) or levels higher than 4 ng/ml in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, or both. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic complications were the most common (75.3%), while infectious complications occurred in 19% of the cases. Hematuria was the most frequent type (56%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in 16 patients (9.2%). Sepsis was observed in three patients (1.7%). The presence of an indwelling catheter was a risk factor for infectious complications (p < 0.05). Higher numbers of biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications (p < 0.05). The other conditions investigated did not correlate with post-biopsy complications. CONCLUSIONS: Post-biopsy complications were mostly self-limiting. The rate of major complications was low, thus showing that TRUS guided prostate biopsy was safe and effective. Higher numbers of fragments taken in biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications. An indwelling catheter represented a risk factor for infectious complications. The use of aspirin was not an absolute contraindication for TRUS.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

[Echocardiographic criteria for the definition of ventricular dysfunction severity in aortic banded rats].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify echocardiographic parameters that allow distinguishing different levels of cardiac dysfunction in aortic banded rats. METHODS: Wistar male rats (90-100 g) were subjected to aortic banding (n=23) or a sham operation (n=12). The following echocardiographic parameters were evaluated and used to group rats into groups with similar characteristics using cluster analysis: absolute values and after normalization to body weight of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left atrial systolic diameter; left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVSD); LV weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW); three indexes of left ventricular shortening (endocardial fractional shortening, EFS; midwall FS, MFS; and posterior wall shortening velocity, (PWSV). RESULTS: The cluster analysis could group aortic banded rats into two groups: mild (n=13) and severe (n=9) stage of heart failure. There was no overlapping among the values of the 95% confidence interval of the following parameters between the two groups: LVDD, LVSD, EFS, MFS, LVW/BW, and PWSV. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to distinguish two groups of aortic banded rats according to the level of cardiac dysfunction using those echocardiographic parameters. This allows to perform longitudinal studies in homogeneous groups of rats with aortic banding and cardiac dysfunction.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in pterygium.

PURPOSE: To assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in pterygium lesion. METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical trial was done to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase in normal and in primary or recurrent pterygia in Tenon's capsule by immunohistochemical analysis and a computerized image analysis system. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Matrix metalloproteinase expression showed no difference in normal Tenon's capsule and in primary or recurrent pterygia. CONCLUSION: The similar expression of the matrix metalloproteinase in normal Tenon's capsule and in primary or recurrent pterygia allowed us to conclude that matrix metalloproteinase is not implicated in the genesis or the recurrence of pterygium lesion.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Contribution of post-breakfast plasma glucose to the glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients].

UNLABELLED: Epidemiological studies have documented that postprandial hyperglycemia is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It has been established that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) provides an integrated measure of plasma glucose (PG) of the last 2-3 months. However, the relative contribution of fasting PG (FPG) and postprandial PG (PPG) to the HbA1C value is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate FPG and PPG contributions to the HbA1C value in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS: 53 subjects with stable DM2 were studied. They were treated with oral anti-diabetic agents (n = 27) and/or insulin (n = 26). Each subject went to 3 visits at 2-month-intervals. On each visit, FPG, PPG (2 h after breakfast and lunch), and HbA1C were measured and we provided breakfast and lunch according to their meal habits. PG was measured by glucose-oxidase and HbA1C by ion-exchange chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by correlation coefficients at a < 0.05 P value. RESULTS: Correlations were stronger between HbA1C and post-breakfast PG (r: 0.66-0.48), mean FPG (r: 0.64-0.41), glucose area under the curve (r: 0.64-0.46), and mean PPG (r: 0.59-0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of post-breakfast PG showed to be another valuable tool for type 2 diabetic glucose control monitoring.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed2006

[Essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: characteristic of the patient, botulinum toxin A treatment and literature review].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of the essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients and the feasible treatment with botulinum toxin A. METHODS: Thirty-four essential blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm patients were evaluated according to gender, ocular complaint, time of disease, treatment outcome and complications. RESULTS: Age median was 63 years and the mean was 61 years, with no difference regarding sex; 66.66% of the patients had hemifacial spasm and 33.33%, essential blepharospasm. Many patients complained of dry eye associated with involuntary spasm. Botulinum toxin A showed a positive outcome in 91.30% of the treated patients and complications observed after treatment were eyelid ptosis (8.33%) and buccal angle deviation (8.33%). CONCLUSION: Essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm occurred in the elderly, of both sexes. Treatment with botulinum toxin A was useful, with very low complication rates.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Fibroblasts from primary and recurrent pterygia and Tenon's capsule in cell culture].

PURPOSE: To evaluate fibroblast proliferation activity of the Tenon capsule from primary and recurrent pterygia. METHODS: A randomized prospective study was performed with 43 surgical samples from 30 primary and 13 recurrent pterygia, and samples of normal Tenon capsule from the same pterygium patients. Proliferation, migration, and confluence rate, and patient age, lesion location and type (fleshy or involutive; primary or recurrent) were evaluated. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 30 cultivated primary pterygia, 21 migrated and proliferated, and 18 (60%) went to confluence. Migration, proliferation and confluence started much later in fibroblasts from normal Tenon than from pterygia lesion. The recurrent pterygia showed migration, proliferation, and confluence starting much earlier than the primary ones. There was no statistically significant difference in the start of migration, proliferation and confluence between fleshy and involuted pterygia, or between pterygias of Grades I-II and III-IV. CONCLUSION: Pterygium fibroblasts are more viable than normal Tenon in cell culture. Migration, proliferation, and confluence differ in primary and recurrent pterygia. Fleshy and involutive pterygia are similar in culture; there is also no difference between pterygia according to lesion size in cell culture.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Palpebral dimensions in Brazilian children: assessment based on digital images.

PURPOSE: To determine palpebral dimensions and development in Brazilian children using digital images. METHODS: An observational study was performed measuring eyelid angles, palpebral fissure area and interpupillary distance in 220 children aged from 4 to 72 months. Digital images were obtained with a Sony Lithium movie camera (Sony DCR-TRV110, Brazil) in frontal view from awake children in primary ocular position; the object of observation was located at pupil height. The images were saved to tape, transferred to a Macintosh G4 (Apple Computer Inc., USA) computer and processed using NIH 1.58 software (NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, USA). Data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: All parameters studied increased with age. The outer palpebral angle was greater than the inner, and palpebral fissure and angles showed greater changes between 4 and 5 months old and at around 24 to 36 months. CONCLUSION: There are significant variations in palpebral dimensions in children under 72 months old, especially around 24 to 36 months.

Brazil↗

PubMed2006

Relationship of upper-limb and thoracic muscle strength to 6-min walk distance in COPD patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study was developed to investigate the influence of thoracic and upper-limb muscle function on 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in patients with COPD. DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING: The pulmonary rehabilitation center of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight patients with mild to very severe COPD were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Pulmonary function and baseline dyspnea index (BDI) were assessed, handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), and 6MWD were measured, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) was determined for each of four exercises (bench press, lat pull down, leg extension, and leg press) performed on gymnasium equipment. Quality of life was assessed using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). We found statistically significant positive correlations between 6MWD and body weight (r = 0.32; p < 0.05), BDI (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), FEV(1) (r = 0.33; p < 0.05), Pimax (r = 0.53; p < 0.01), and all values of 1RM. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between 6MWD and dyspnea at the end of the 6-min walk test (r = - 0.29; p < 0.05), as well as between 6MWD and the SGRQ activity domain (r = - 0.45; p < 0.01) and impact domain (r = - 0.34; p < 0.05) and total score (r = - 0.40; p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis selected body weight, BDI, Pimax, and lat pull down 1RM as predictive factors for 6MWD (R(2) = 0.589). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed the importance of the skeletal musculature of the thorax and upper limbs in submaximal exercise tolerance and could open new perspectives for training programs designed to improve functional activity in COPD patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Exercise training increases myocardial inotropic response in food restricted rats.

This study evaluated the effects of exercise training on myocardial function and ultrastructure of rats submitted to different levels of food restriction (FR). Male Wistar-Kyoto rats, 60 days old, were submitted to free access to food, light FR (20%), severe FR (50%) and/or to swimming training (one hour per day with 5% of load, five days per week for 90 days). Myocardial function was evaluated by left ventricular papillary muscle under basal condition (calcium 1.25 mM), and after extracellular calcium elevation to 5.2 mM and isoproterenol (1 microM) addition. The ultrastructure of the myocardium was examined in the papillary muscle. The training effectiveness was verified by improvement of myocardial metabolic enzyme activities. Both 20% and 50% food restriction protocols presented minor body and ventricular weights gain. The 20%-FR, in sedentary or trained rats, did not alter myocardial function or ultrastructure. The 50%-FR, in sedentary rats, caused myocardial dysfunction under basal condition, decreased response to inotropic stimulation, and promoted myocardial ultrastructural damage. The 50%-FR, in exercised rats, increased myocardial dysfunction under basal condition but increased response to inotropic stimulation although there was myocardial ultrastructural damage. In conclusion, the exercise training in severe restriction caused marked myocardial dysfunction at basal condition but increased myocardial response to inotropic stimulation.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed2005

[Eyelid alterations associated with palpebral ectropion].

PURPOSE: To evaluate eyelid margin alterations in ectropion carriers. METHODS: An observational study was done involving 53 eyelid ectropion patients and 25 individuals with dermochalasis (control group). Eyelash position and margin inflammation were observed using digital images. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Patients with ectropion showed a decreased number of eyelashes, loose convexity, trichiasis and distichiasis as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Patients with eyelid ectropion have eyelid margin alterations probably due to the chronic inflammatory process in this region.

Blepharitis↗

PubMed2005

[Congenital lacrimal obstruction: outcome and factors associated with therapeutic probing].

PURPOSE: To determine the success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and the factors related to probe failure. METHOD: A retrospective observational study was conducted, involving 80 children with congenital nasolacrimal obstruction who underwent nasolacrimal probing. The subjects were evaluated according to sex, age and probing outcome. The data were evaluated according to the descriptive method, Goodman test and Mann-Whitney test adopting a significance of 5%. RESULTS: The possibility of cure was the same in both sexes. The mean age at cure was 19.95+/-11.44 months and on failure was 23.67+/-15.21 months. The analysis showed no significant change in cure rate when over 6 months old. Nasal alterations such as rhinitis, mucosal or turbinate bone hypertrophy, septum deviation and sinusitis were associated with probe failure. CONCLUSION: The cure rate does not vary significantly at intervals of increasing ages even it over 12 months old. Nasal alterations might be included in the causes of failure.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2005

[Orbital fat evaluation after enucleation and evisceration in rabbits].

PURPOSE: To evaluate rabbit adipocytes of the orbital fat tissue after enucleation and evisceration. METHODS: Twenty-tree specimens from 23 rabbits aged 42 days which had undergone socket surgery (evisceration and enucleation) were evaluated. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th, 90th and 180th postoperative day. The orbital fat tissue was prepared for light microscope evaluation (magnification: 200x) and analyzed by IpWin 32 software program. The number of cells in each field and the area of each adipocyte were used to calculate the cell median area. The data were compared between the groups (enucleation and evisceration) and submitted to statistical analysis by a non-parametrical test. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences when considering the mean area of adipocytes between enucleation or evisceration or time of sacrifice. CONCLUSION: The volume decrease in the anophthalmic cavity is not related to orbital fat atrophy. The genesis of orbital volume reduction might result from the spacial distribution and interrelationships of the orbital soft tissue rather than changes in volume of adipocytes.

Adipocytes↗

PubMed2005

[Quantitative eyelid evaluation of anophthalmic cavity carriers with external ocular prosthesis].

PURPOSE: The authors intend to evaluate the eyelid position before and after the external prosthesis adaptation, using digital image processing techniques. METHODS: Eighteen patients were evaluated at the "Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP", with and without the external prosthesis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were done using the Scion Image program. The superior eyelid sulcus distance, margin eyelid distance and eyelid medial and lateral canthus angles were evaluated. RESULTS: Pseudostrabismus and high eyelid sulcus were the most observed alteration. The superior eyelid sulcus distance had shorter values with the prosthesis and higher values were seen analyzing the other parameters when the external prosthesis was in place. CONCLUSION: All patients had some abnormalities, which show us how difficult it is to provide a normal aspect for anophthalmic cavity carriers. The image processing allowed objective evaluations of the measures contributing to the follow-up of the patients.

Anophthalmos↗

PubMed2005

Myocardial dysfunction induced by food restriction is related to morphological damage in normotensive middle-aged rats.

Previous works from our laboratory have revealed that food restriction (FR) promotes discrete myocardial dysfunction in young rats. We examined the effects of FR on cardiac function, in vivo and in vitro, and ultrastructural changes in the heart of middle-aged rats. Twelve-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a control (C) or restricted diet (daily intake reduced to 50% of the control group) for 90 days. Cardiac performance was studied by echocardiogram and in isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle by isometric contraction in basal condition, after calcium chloride (5.2 mM) and beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (10(-6) M). FR did not change left ventricular function, but increased time to peak tension, and decreased maximum rate of papillary muscle tension development. Inotropic maneuvers promoted similar effects in both groups. Ultrastructural alterations were seen in most FR rat muscle fibers and included, absence and/or disorganization of myofilaments and Z line, hyper-contracted myofibrils, polymorphic and swollen mitochondria with disorganized cristae, and a great quantity of collagen fibrils. In conclusion, cardiac muscle sensitivity to isoproterenol and elevation of extracellular calcium concentration is preserved in middle-aged FR rats. The intrinsic muscle performance depression might be related to morphological damage.

Aging↗

PubMed2005

[Hypertension after gestational hyperglycemia].

OBJECTIVE: To compare hypertension frequency in women, 3 to 12 years after the index-pregnancy, when they were classified into 4 groups: NGT: normal glucose tolerance; GHG: gestational hyperglycemia; GDM: gestacional diabetes mellitus; GDM plus GHG. METHODS: From 3,113 pregnant women, 535 were participants and selected by a process that was randomized and proportional to the group number. NGT women were different from the others in most of the clinical parameters. All women had their blood pressure evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by Goodman's and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Hypertension frequency was higher in GDM plus GHG women than in NGT women (40.9 vs. 23.6%; P<0.05). It was similar in GHG and GDM women and not different from NGT and GDM plus GHG women (28.3 and 31.2%, respectively). To have been in GDM plus GHG group increases the risk of hypertension twice. CONCLUSION: Women with previous GDM plus GHG have higher risk of hypertension, in addition to that of type 2 diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed2005

[Eyelid alterations after the age of 50 years].

PURPOSE: To quantify the palpebral alterations occurring in subjects after the age of 50 years. METHODS: An observational study was done with 325 subjects older than 50 years. The data comprised measurements of intercantal distance, palpebral fissure length and height, external and internal eyelid angles, margin reflex distance (MRD) and total palpebral fissure area. Digital images were obtained with a Sony Lithium movie camera at the frontal view in ocular primary position, with the object of observation being located at the height of the pupil. The images were saved on tape, transferred to a McIntosh G4 computer and processed with the NIH 1.58 program. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The subjects presented dermochalasis (96.5%), eyebrow ptosis (60.8%), orbital fat prolapse (50.0%) or eyelid ptosis (39.1%). The alterations were bilateral in 68.8% of the subjects. The intercantal distance was higher with age; the eyelid fissure length, the margin reflex distance and the external angle decreased in the elderly. The differences were more important on evaluating each eye separately. CONCLUSION: Intercantal distance increase and palpebral fissure length, margin reflex distance and total eyelid area decrease with age.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2005

[Characteristics of patients with pterygium in the Botucatu region].

PURPOSE: To determine the characteristics of patients with conjunctival pterygia in the Botucatu region (São Paulo State). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the gender, occupation, complaints and lesion characteristics (primary or recurrent lesion, size, involutive or pulpous) of patients with pterygium. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Approximately half of the patients were female and over 40 years old. The main complaint was the esthetic effect of the lesion. The majority of the lesions were primary (77.08%), grade 2 (69.6%) and pulpous (86.7%). Pterygium grade 4 was present in the 1.4% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Most patients were female, over 40 years old. Primary, grade 2 and pulpous lesion was the most frequently observed. Blindness caused by pterygium is still present in Brazil.

Adolescent↗