PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Carlos del Rio

Publications and source records attributed to Carlos del Rio.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Long-term results of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in Crohn's disease.

The unexpected diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) after restorative proctocolectomy is a relatively frequent occurrence. We report a retrospective analysis of the long-term development of patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in whom the definitive anatomopathological diagnosis was CD, and compare their development with that of patients in whom the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) was confirmed. We reviewed the clinical data of 112 patients with an IPAA. The definitive diagnosis was CD in 12, and UC in the rest. The mean follow-up period was 76 months (range 12 to 192). We analyzed and compared the epidemiologic and clinical data, postoperative complications, functional results, anxiety, and quality of life in the two groups. Postoperative morbidity and the degree of satisfaction were similar in the two groups. The test showed a lower level of anxiety and higher quality of life in patients with CD. Of all the functional parameters studied, only urgency of defecation presented a higher risk in the CD group (HR: 4.13, CI: 1.41-12.04, p = 0.027). Despite the fact that a diagnosis of CD is currently considered a contraindication for an IPAA, some patients with secondary diagnosis of CD have good functional outcome and quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy. Closure of the temporary ileostomy may be justified in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Once and future HIV treatment: a comparison of clinic and community groups.

The demographic, risk-taking, psychological, and social network characteristics of HIV+ patients receiving and not receiving antiretroviral therapy were compared to those characteristics in HIV+ and HIV- persons who are not in care. In this cohort study, we enrolled patients from the Grady Infectious Disease Program (IDP) Clinic in Atlanta, GA, defining group membership by their use of antiretroviral therapy at the time of ascertainment. We also enrolled HIV+ and HIV- persons from inner city neighbourhoods of Atlanta. We collected extensive survey information from both groups, as well as clinic and follow-up information from the Clinic groups. We attempted to interview each participant four times over a period of two years. We used scores for Risk, for Social Stress and for Psychological Distress to compare the groups. Persons receiving antiretroviral therapy continued to display risky behaviour and to experience a substantial degree of social stress and psychological distress. HIV+ persons in the community, however, had the most prominent profile for HIV-transmission risk, social stress, and psychological distress and display considerable cross-over in their patterns of risk-taking. Men who have sex with men appear to play a dominant role, through their risk behaviour and network affiliations, in the maintenance of HIV endemicity. Current approaches fail to give sufficient attention to the admixture of risk that occurs in inner city communities. Reaching HIV+ persons with antiretroviral therapy in such communities faces considerable social, structural, and psychological barriers that may be more important than simple adherence to medication.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

The effectiveness of HIV post-test counselling in determining healthcare-seeking behavior.

To examine the relationship between HIV post-test counselling and healthcare-seeking behaviors among HIV-positive individuals, we conducted patient interviews and medical chart reviews on 100 HIV-positive patients at a public hospital. When performed, HIV post-test counselling effectively encourages HIV-positive individuals to seek medical care, especially when performed by trained personnel. The consistent use of post-test counselling may improve care for HIV-positive individuals and should be encouraged at all healthcare facilities that conduct HIV testing.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2002

Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis based on variations in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes.

A variety of genes have been used to type Pneumocystis carinii. In the present study, nucleotide sequence variations in the ITS1 and ITS2 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA genes were used to type Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis DNA obtained from the lungs of 60 human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. These regions were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Multibase polymorphisms were identified among samples. Several new genotypes are reported on the basis of the nucleotide sequence variations at previously unreported positions of both the ITS1 and the ITS2 regions. Twelve new ITS1 sequences were observed, in addition to the nine sequence types reported previously. The most common was type E, which was observed in 60.5% of the samples. The sequence variations in the ITS1 region were mainly located at positions 5, 12, 23, 24, 45, 53, and 54. Sixteen new ITS2 types were also identified, in addition to the 13 types reported previously. The most common was type g (26.6%). The sequences of the ITS2 regions in most specimens were different from the previously published sequence at bases 120 and 166 through 183. The most common variations observed were deletions at positions 177 through 183. The presence of more than one sequence type in some patients (60%) suggested the occurrence of coinfection with multiple P. carinii strains. The genetic polymorphism observed demonstrates the degree of diversity of Pneumocystis strains that infect humans. Furthermore, the high degree of polymorphism suggests that these genes are evolving faster than other genes. Consequently, the sequence information derived is useful for purposes such as examination of the potential of person-to-person transmission and recurrent infections but perhaps not for other genotyping applications that rely on more stable genetic loci.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

Diagnosis of diffuse CD8+ lymphocytosis syndrome in HIV-infected patients.

The diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) in HIV-infected persons is characterized by a persistent circulating CD8+ lymphocytosis. Certain HIV-infected persons appear to respond to their infection by developing an oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ lymphocytes. These cells infiltrate multiple organs, but the salivary glands and the lung constitute the major sites involved in this process. This infiltrative process resembles in many aspects a Sjögren-like syndrome, owing to the visceral lymphocytic infiltration. Unilateral parotid gland enlargement in a patient with HIV infection should prompt clinicians to suspect DILS. In addition, clinicians should be aware that the pulmonary process associated with DILS may mimic clinically and radiographically the pneumonic process caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Other manifestations of DILS to consider include a severe form of peripheral neuropathy; lymphocytic infiltration of the liver, evident as hepatitis; myositis; and lymphocytic interstitial nephritis.

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗