Biomedical subjects

Carolyn Drake

Publications and source records attributed to Carolyn Drake.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Timing variations in music performance: musical communication, perceptual compensation, and/or motor control?

A perceptual performance paradigm was designed to disentangle the timing variations in music performance that are due to perceptual compensation, motor control, and musical communication. First, pianists perceptually adjusted the interonset intervals of three excerpts so that they sounded regular. These adjustments deviated systematically from regularity, highlighting two sources of perceptual biases in time perception: rhythmic grouping and a psychoacoustic intensity effect. Then the participants performed the excerpts on the piano in the same regular way. The intensity effect disappeared, and some variations due to motor constraints were observed in relation to rhythmic groups. Finally, the participants performed the excerpts musically. Variations due to musical communication involved additional group-final lengthening that reflected the hierarchical grouping structure of the excerpts. These results underline the nuclear role of grouping in musical time perception and production.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Judging the urgency of nonvocal auditory warning signals: perceptual and cognitive processes.

Previous research has identified acoustic properties modulating the perceived urgency of alarms. The authors conducted 3 experiments using a multidimensional approach in which participants made acoustic dissimilarity judgments and urgency dissimilarity judgments for pairs of sequences. Experiment 1 confirmed the validity of acoustic parameters in urgency perception of experimental alarms. Experiment 2 confirmed the role of these acoustic parameters with real alarms but suggested the importance of additional factors. Experiment 3 compared the relative degrees of urgency of alarms from Experiments 1 and 2, highlighting the role of both sequence structure and associated mental representation. The authors conclude that the design of alarms should not be based exclusively on acoustic factors but should also take into consideration the acquisition of an appropriate mental representation.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2003

Auditory temporal processing in schizophrenia: high level rather than low level deficits?

INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a wide range of information processing deficits. Most recent studies argue in favour of high level deficits, including attention and context processing, whereas fewer studies have demonstrated deficits at earlier stages of processing, such as perceptual discrimination and organisation. This is the first study to investigate both high and low level processing, within a single paradigm, in the case of auditory temporal processing in schizophrenia. METHODS: Patients with schizophrenia were compared to controls on a series of tasks involving three auditory temporal processes varying from low to higher level: (1) segregation of a complex sequence into component auditory streams; (2) detection of local temporal irregularities within a stream; (3) attentional focusing on one stream by the use of a cue preceding the complex sequence. RESULTS: The lowest level of processing examined here--stream segregation--appeared to function equally well in patients as in controls. However, the higher level processes--irregularity detection and attentional focus--functioned in both groups, but less efficiently in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate abnormal auditory temporal processing in schizophrenia. Abnormal performances only in Processes 2 and 3 support and hypothesis of higher level rather than lower level processing deficits in schizophrenia.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

The "ticktock" of our internal clock: direct brain evidence of subjective accents in isochronous sequences.

The phenomenon commonly known as subjective accenting refers to the fact that identical sound events within purely isochronous sequences are perceived as unequal. Although subjective accenting has been extensively explored using behavioral methods, no physiological evidence has ever been provided for it. In the present study, we tested the notion that these perceived irregularities are related to the dynamic deployment of attention. We disrupted listeners' expectancies in different positions of auditory equitone sequences and measured their responses through brain event-related potentials (ERPs). Significant differences in a late parietal (P3-like) ERP component were found between the responses elicited on odd-numbered versus even-numbered positions, suggesting that a default binary metric structure was perceived. Our findings indicate that this phenomenon has a rather cognitive, attention-dependent origin, partly affected by musical expertise.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Synchronizing with music: intercultural differences.

The way in which listeners perceive music changes throughout childhood, but little is known about the factors responsible for these changes. One factor, explicit music training, has received considerable attention, with studies indicating that musicians demonstrate a more complex hierarchical mental representation for music and superior temporal organizational skills. But does acculturation-the passive exposure to a particular type of music since birth-also influence the acquisition of these skills? We compared the music synchronization performance of Tunisian and French subjects with music from these two contrasting musical cultures. Twelve musical excerpts were selected from the two popular music cultures, matched for perceived tempo, complexity, and familiarity, and subjects were asked to tap in time with the music. Tapping mode (rate and hierarchical level) varied with subjects' familiarity with the musical idiom, as evidenced by an interaction between musical culture and type of music: participants synchronized at higher hierarchical levels (and over a wider range) with music from their own culture than with an unfamiliar type of music. Thus, passive acculturation as well as explicit music tuition influence our perception and cognition of music.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Form in time: the perceptual discovery of art.

The international colloquium, 'Forme et temps: la perception au fil de l'oeuvre', was held as part of the IRCAM Agora Festival at the Pompidou Center, Paris, France, on 6-8 June, 2001. The colloquium was organised by Stephen McAdams (Ircam-CNRS, France) and Roger Reynolds (University of California at San Diego, USA).

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Perceptual organization of complex auditory sequences: effect of number of simultaneous subsequences and frequency separation.

Previous findings on streaming are generalized to sequences composed of more than 2 subsequences. A new paradigm identified whether listeners perceive complex sequences as a single unit (integrative listening) or segregate them into 2 (or more) perceptual units (stream segregation). Listeners heard 2 complex sequences, each composed of 1, 2, 3, or 4 subsequences. Their task was to detect a temporal irregularity within 1 subsequence. In Experiment 1, the smallest frequency separation under which listeners were able to focus on 1 subsequence was unaffected by the number of co-occurring subsequences; nonfocused sounds were not perceptually organized into streams. In Experiment 2, detection improved progressively, not abruptly, as the frequency separation between subsequences increased from 0.25 to 6 auditory filters. The authors propose a model of perceptual organization of complex auditory sequences.

Adult↗