Biomedical subjects

Chad D Vickery

Publications and source records attributed to Chad D Vickery.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Assessment and correlates of self-esteem following stroke using a pictorial measure.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of a non-verbal measure of self-esteem in a sample of individuals in the acute phase following stroke. DESIGN: Acute-phase stroke survivors (n=156) were administered measures of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, general emotional distress and cognitive functioning during admission to an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit. MAIN MEASURES: Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale (VASES), Geriatric Depression Scale, Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale, Visual Analog Mood Scales, measures of neuropsychological functioning. RESULTS: VASES performance was not related to demographic variables, cognitive functioning, visual acuity, prior stroke or severe visuoperceptual impairment/left visual neglect. The VASES was most related to emotional functioning, with lower self-esteem ratings associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and general emotional distress. Individuals with right hemisphere stroke tended to endorse lower self-esteem ratings, while aphasic individuals may have misunderstood the intent of the task. CONCLUSIONS: The non-verbal VASES appears to be minimally impacted by potentially invalidating patient factors (e.g. visual acuity, left visual neglect), although its use with patients with severe communication deficits is cautioned. The VASES may prove useful in identifying acute stroke survivors most at risk for emotional dysfunction, and may be useful as a research tool in this population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Detection of feigned head injury symptoms on the MMPI-2 in head injured patients and community controls.

MMPI-2 results from 39 moderately to severely head injured (HI) and 44 community volunteer (CV) participants given instructions to feign symptoms or answer honestly during an analog forensic neuropsychological examination were compared. No significant effects for HI or the interaction between the HI and instruction set (IS) factors were noted on either clinical or selected validity scales (F, Fb, Fp, Ds2, FBS). However, the main effect of IS was significant for both clinical and validity scales (median Cohen's d=1.34 and 1.39, respectively). Most validity scales were characterized by perfect specificity rates but low to modest sensitivity, whereas FBS had both moderate sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regressions showed that the F and Ds2 scales made a significant contribution independent of motivational tests to the identification of feigning during neuropsychological examination.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Construct validity of the 7/24 spatial recall test.

This investigation was conducted to examine the construct validity of the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test (7/24). Participants were 64 outpatients who met criteria for clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS). Data obtained from administration of a fixed neuropsychological assessment battery were analyzed to evaluate the relation between demographic, physical, and emotional factors and performance on the 7/24, to examine the measure's convergent/discriminant validity, to determine which variables account for the greatest proportion of variance in 7/24 scores, and to assess further the test's sensitivity to the cognitive sequelae of MS. Findings suggest that 7/24 scores are significantly explained by the constructs of visual-spatial perception/analysis, memory, reasoning, and/or processing speed. The proportion of variance in 7/24 performances accounted for by cognitive and demographic variables, however, was quite low. Relative to the measure's normative sample, participants in this investigation performed significantly poorer on number of responses recalled across Set A learning trials but not on Set A long-delay recall. Results of this investigation indicate some level of sensitivity of the 7/24 to the cognitive impairments associated with MS but offer only weak support for the 7/24 as a valid measure of visuospatial learning/memory.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Head injury and the ability to feign neuropsychological deficits.

This study investigated the possibility that head-injured patients, by virtue of their exposure to medical and legal evaluations, are better able to feign deficits than controls. Both internal and external validity issues were addressed in a malingering simulation using 46 moderately to severely head injured and 46 matched control subjects who were administered a battery of neuropsychological and motivational tests under standard or malingering instructions. Results showed no significant interaction between malingering instructions and head injury status on commonly used motivational tests or neuropsychological tests, nor were the head injured malingerers better able to avoid detection using established cutting scores on motivational tests. These results suggest that head injured individuals are no more able to feign neuropsychological deficits successfully than non-head injured individuals.

Case-Control Studies↗