Development of tardive dyskinesia in a patient taking amisulpride.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Charalabos Papageorgiou
Publications and source records attributed to Charalabos Papageorgiou.
Association between plasma inflammatory markers and irrational beliefs; the ATTICA epidemiological study.
OBJECTIVE: Recent research data suggest that inflammation and/or depression are associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Considering that depression may arise as a response to irrational beliefs according to the Ellis model of psychological disturbances and therapy, we sought to evaluate whether irrational beliefs are associated with plasma inflammatory factors in cardiovascular disease-free people. METHOD: From May 2001 to December 2002 we randomly enrolled 453 men (23-69 years old) and 400 women (24-71 years old) stratified by age and gender. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, serum amyloid-A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and white blood cells were measured in all participants. Detailed dietary characteristics of these people were assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Subjects completed also the irrational beliefs inventory (IBI), which is a brief self-report measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance and therapy and the Zung's Depression questionnaire. RESULTS: The IBI scores were similar in men and women (53+/-11 vs. 53+/-10, p = 0.83). IBI score was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (rho = 0.14, p = 0. 02), interleukin-6 (rho = 0.11, p = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rho = 0.21, p = 0.014) and white blood cell counts (rho = 0.14, p = 0.02). These associations were confirmed even after adjusting for age, sex, years of school, body mass index, physical activity status, depression level and food items consumed by the participants. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that irrational beliefs are associated with increased inflammation process, among apparently healthy individuals.
Adult↗
Retraction statement.
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Retraction Notice↗
Association between hostility and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in a general population sample.
OBJECTIVE: The present study focuses on testing the association of hostility with plasma homocysteine levels in a general population sample. METHOD: Four hundred and ten healthy adults (200 men and 210 women), participating in a health survey in Greece, had blood samples taken for homocysteine concentrations and also completed a multidimensional hostility questionnaire, assessing direction of hostility ('extra- and intropunitive') as well as total hostility and its ingredients, i.e. urge to act out hostility, criticism of others, delusional hostility, self-criticism and delusional guilt. Multivariate relationship was tested between hostility components and homocysteine, after statistically controlling for potential confounders such as age, gender, educational status, smoking and body mass index. RESULTS: Total hostility, delusional guilt as well as extrapunitive direction of hostility were positively related to homocysteine levels. Self-criticism was negatively related to homocysteine. CONCLUSION: The study provides further evidence that particular dimensions of hostility are associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels, thus deserving a place within the spectrum of the coronary heart disease risk factors.
Adult↗
Preattentive deficits in developmental disorders of scholastic skills.
Working memory deficiency has been implicated in developmental disorders of scholastic skills. The auditory P50 component of event-related potentials reflecting preattentive processing was investigated in 38 children with developmental disorders of scholastic skills and 19 sibling control children, as elicited during a working memory test. The P50 was evoked by two tones of low and high frequency (500 Hz and 3000 Hz). The group with developmental disorders of scholastic skills showed prolonged P50 latency induced by the low tone, located at the frontal area. The amplitude of P50 induced by the low tone exhibited significantly negative associations with both age and memory performance, whereas age and memory performance were associated positively. These findings indicate that preattentive processing deficits may be implicated not only in auditory cognition but also in developmental disorders of scholastic skills.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study.
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a complex feeling of uneasiness, fear and worry, which has been associated with pulmonary, cardiovascular and other adverse health conditions. The aim of this work is to examine the association of the anxious state with inflammation and coagulation factors, in persons free of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: From May 2001 to December 2002 we randomly enrolled 453 men (19 to 89 years old) and 400 women (18 to 84 years old) stratified by age and gender, from Attica area, Greece. Among others, various inflammation and coagulation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), amyloid-A, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, white blood cell (WBC), homocysteine and fibrinogen) were evaluated in relation to the anxious state (assessed by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, STAI) of participants, after several adjustments made for potential confounders. RESULTS: STAI score was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (rho = 0.18, p = 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rho = 0.11, p = 0.03), interleukin-6 (rho = 0.09, p=0.03), homocysteine (rho = 0.10, p = 0.03) and fibrinogen levels (rho = 0.08, p = 0.04), in men, and positively correlated with C-reactive protein (rho = 0.22, p = 0.01), white blood cell counts (rho = 0.15, p = 0.02), interleukin-6 (rho = 0.12, p = 0.02), homocysteine (rho = 0.07, p = 0.04) and fibrinogen levels (rho = 0.07, p = 0.04), in women. These associations remained significant even after various adjustments were made. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that anxiety was associated with inflammation and coagulation markers in cardiovascular disease-free people. This may raise a hypothesis of a pathway leading to increased cardiovascular events in anxious individuals.
Adolescent↗
Psychophysiological differences in schizophrenics with and without delusional misidentification syndromes: a P300 study.
There is a debate on whether delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs) and schizophrenia are distinct disorders. Information-processing deficits have been found in both. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflects attention and working memory (WM) mechanisms, the P300 elicited during a WM test was studied in schizophrenic patients with DMS in comparison to schizophrenic patients without DMS and controls. Nine schizophrenic patients with DMS, 11 without DMS and 11 healthy controls were tested with a computerized version of the digit span test of the Wechsler batteries. Auditory ERPs were measured during the anticipatory period of the test. P300 amplitude in prefrontal areas was found to be significantly reduced in schizophrenics without DMS and markedly less in DMS patients compared to controls. P300 latency in the central midline brain region was significantly prolonged in DMS patients compared to the other groups. Memory performance was significantly reduced in both patient groups as compared to healthy controls. The results may indicate abnormalities in both allocation of attentional resources and automatic orienting in schizophrenic patients with DSM. In contrast, even though schizophrenic patients without DMS exhibit partial similarities with patients suffering from DMS, they show excessive reduction of P300 amplitude located at the left frontal area. Future studies might clarify these issues.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
P300 alterations in schizophrenic patients experiencing auditory hallucinations.
RATIONALE: Attentional deficits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Since the latency of the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered to be a sensitive measure of stimulus classification speed, while its amplitude-a measure of attentional resource allocation when memory updating is engaged, the present study focuses on the comparison of P300 between healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and treated with clozapine and olanzapine. METHODS: The auditory P300 was assessed during the anticipatory period of a short memory test, in 16 male hallucinated schizophrenic patients and 13 male normal subjects matched for age and educational level. The patients were reexamined under identical conditions when their hallucinations had resolved following treatment with clozapine (8 patients) and olanzapine (8 patients). RESULTS: The patients with hallucinations exhibited significantly reduced P300 amplitude at leads Fp1, F3, (C3-T5)/2, F4, Cz and Fz, when compared to the normal controls and at leads Fp1, F3, F4, (C4-T6)/2, C4, P4, Cz and Fz when compared to themselves during the remission phase. However logistic regression models revealed that the most important leads, differentiating the patient group before treatment either with the healthy controls, or with itself after treatment, were that at the left temporoparietal and at the left prefrontal area. Memory performance of the patient group, even after treatment and in spite of its significant improvement, remained significantly less than that of healthy controls. both antipsychotic agents had similar effects on the p300 amplitude and memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia manifest abnormal aspects of attention, mediated by a distributed network involving or affecting the left temporoparietal and left prefrontal area. Additionally, the present study points to an improvement of attentional function in schizophrenic patients experiencing auditory hallucinations, both in the clozapine group but also in the olanzapine group.
Adult↗
Kallmann's syndrome and schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE: Kallmann's Syndrome is a heritable disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. A common pathogenesis for KS and schizophrenia had been proposed based on shared pathologies of these two disorders, although no such clinical associations have ever been reported. METHOD: We report a 35 year old man with schizophrenia and Kallmann's Syndrome. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, severe hyposmia and normal endocrine functions of the anterior pituitary. Hyposmia has been attributed to the absence of the olfactory bulbs and tracts and atrophy of the olfactory gyri, but normal olfactory mucosa. The patient presented with paranoid schizophrenia with persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations, thought disorder, depersonalization, and gradual but marked global deterioration. RESULTS: Psychiatric evaluation revealed an entirely different psychopathological and personality profile between the patient and the six other Kallmann patients studied. Cycle sequencing analysis revealed a normal sequence of all 14 exons of the KAL gene. In conclusion, based on the presented case, Kallmann's Syndrome and schizophrenia represent a rare clinical association rather than a syndrome with a common pathogenesis, which if present should be confined to the olfactory dysfunction.
Adult↗
Do atypical antipsychotics fail to exert cognitive sparing effects?
The aim of the study was to investigate patterns of the P600 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited during a working memory test in 16 male schizophrenic patients experiencing auditory hallucinations before and after treatment with clozapine and olanzapine, and 13 male normal subjects matched for age and educational level. Before treatment, patients showed significantly reduced P600 amplitudes on the right parietal region compared with controls, and when in remission also showed significantly reduced P600 amplitudes located on the right parietal and temporofrontal areas, compared both to themselves before treatment and to normal controls. The patient's memory performance before and after treatment remained significantly lower than that of healthy controls. These findings may indicate that auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are associated with impaired synchronization of the processes related to target detection, as reflected by the P600. The present study also casts doubts regarding the cognitive sparing effect of atypical antipsychotics, despite the fact that they mediate symptom improvement.
Adult↗
Psychophysiological evidence for altered information processing in delusional misidentification syndromes.
Recent research provides evidence that delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are associated with cognitive deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of these deficits are not known. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is related to fundamental aspects of working memory (WM), the present study is focused on P300 elicited during a WM test in DMS patients, as compared to those of healthy controls. Nine patients with DMS and 11 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and educational level were tested with a computerized version of the digit span test of the Wechsler batteries. Auditory ERPs were measured during the anticipatory period of the test. DMS patients showed significant reductions in P300 amplitude at the right frontal region compared to healthy controls. P300 latency in the central midline brain region was significantly prolonged in the DMS group. Each of these measures classified correctly 90% of the two groups. Moreover, the memory performance of the patient group was significantly lower, relatively to healthy controls. These findings provide evidence supporting the suggestion that DMS is associated with psychophysiological alterations occurring at the right frontal region, which mediates automatic processes, as well as with an irregular allocation of attentional resources, involving the interhemispheric circuitry, possibly due to gray matter degeneration. Finally, present work points to a need for further research investigating the characteristics, causes, course and treatment of severe cognitive deficits associated with DMS.
Adult↗
Do obsessive-compulsive patients and abstinent heroin addicts share a common psychophysiological mechanism?
BACKGROUND/AIM: Working memory (WM) and attentional deficits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and opioid addiction. The P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered as an index of on-line updating of WM and/or attentional operations involved in this function. The present study aimed at comparing the P300 elicited during a WM test in patients with prolonged heroin abstinence, those with OCD and healthy controls, in order to demonstrate possibly common underlying psychophysiological mechanisms. METHODS: The P300 component was evaluated during the anticipatory period of a WM test in 20 patients characterized by a past history of opioid dependence (6 months abstinence), in 18 OCD patients, and 20 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and educational level. RESULTS: The two patient groups showed a considerable reduction of the P300 amplitudes, located at the right frontal area as compared with healthy controls. The abstinent heroin addicts exhibited a significantly lower P300 amplitude at central frontal areas and a significantly higher P300 amplitude at the left occipital region relative to the other two groups. Furthermore, the abstinent group showed a notable delay of P300 latency relative to controls and OCD patients at the right occipital region. Moreover, the OCD patients manifested a significant prolongation of P300 located at the central prefrontal area, relative to addicts and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to considerable WM and/or attentional deficits in the long-term abstinent syndrome of heroin misuse and OCD associated with distributed and prefrontal cortical circuits, respectively. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that both OCD and long-term abstinent heroin addicts may share a common impairment of WM and/or attention involving or affecting the right prefrontal areas.
Adult↗
Acute dystonia caused by low dosage of olanzapine.
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Antipsychotic Agents↗
Abnormal P300 in a case of delusional misidentification with coinciding Capgras and Frégoli symptoms.
The Delusional Misidentification Syndrome (DMS) is thought to be related to dissociation between recognition and identification processes. Working memory (WM) is considered responsible for the integration and online manipulation of information, so that it is available for further processing. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered as an index of the on-line updating of WM, the present study is focused on auditory P300 elicited during a WM test in DMS, compared with that in healthy controls. ERPs, elicited during a WM test, in a case suffering from coinciding Capgras and Frégoli symptoms, were recorded. Peak amplitude and latency of the averaged P300 waveforms, as well as memory performance of this case, were compared to the patterns obtained from healthy controls. In relation to normal controls, the patient exhibited significantly attenuated amplitude of P300 at the F4, P3 and Pz abductions. The patient also showed significantly prolonged latencies of P300 at all abductions used. These findings suggest that DMS may be accompanied by WM dysfunction affecting brain regions outside the prefrontal cortex, as well as within, and by diffuse failure to allocate attention resources to a stimulus, as they are reflected by P300 amplitudes and latencies respectively. Additionally, it may be suggested that techniques designed to explore cognitive operations, such as recording of ERPs, and more specifically P300, during WM tasks, could provide further insights into the relationship between neural functioning and the cognitive deficits in DMS.
Adult↗