A male baboon (Papio hamadryas) with a mosaic 43,XXY/42,XY karyotype.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Charleen M Moore
Publications and source records attributed to Charleen M Moore.
Primary amenorrhea associated with ovarian leiomyoma in a baboon (Papio hamadryas).
A 6-y-old female baboon was examined due to absence of menstrual cycling and secondary sex characteristics and failure to reproduce. The mammary glands and vaginal introitus were hypoplastic, the clitoris was prominent, and the perineal skin was immature with lack of cyclic color alterations and sexual swelling. Evaluation of the reproductive tract revealed a hypoplastic uterus and rudimentary ovaries with the presence of an ovarian leiomyoma within the right ovary. Hormonal values (estradiol, progesterone) were low and comparable to those of adult males or ovariectomized females. Adrenal and pituitary hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone, luteinizing and follicular stimulating hormones) and pituitary structure were within normal limits for this species. The baboon had a normal 42,XX karyotype. These findings suggest primary amenorrhea due to ovarian dysgenesis. This is the first report of a case of primary amenorrhea due to ovarian dysgenesis with a normal karyotype associated with a unilateral ovarian leiomyoma in the baboon. Continued studies of noncycling female nonhuman primates in captive breeding colonies may lead to a greater understanding of the underlying causes of this condition.
Amenorrhea↗
Nephroblastomatosis and nephroblastoma in nonhuman primates.
Wilms' tumors, or nephroblastomas, are renal embryonal malignancies with a high incidence in humans. Nephroblastomas are uncommon in nonhuman primates. This report describes three cases of spontaneous proliferative renal tumors in young monkeys: two cases of unilateral kidney nephroblastomas in baboons and a nephroblastomatosis in a cynomolgus macaque. Histologically, both baboon tumors were typical of Wilms' tumors found in humans, with proliferative epithelial cells forming tubules and aborted glomeruli, nephrogenic rests and proliferative fibrovascular tissue. The left kidney of the macaque was markedly enlarged and histologically similar to the baboon tumors, although normal kidney architecture was completely effaced by primitive tubules and occasional glomeruli surrounded by edematous stromal tissue. Cytogenetic analysis did not detect any macaque or baboon equivalents to human Wilms' tumor chromosomal abnormalities. By human pathology classification, the diffuse nature of the macaque tumor is more consistent with nephroblastomatosis than nephroblastoma. This differentiation is the first to be reported in a species other than human. The nephroblastomas described here are the first nephroblastomas to be reported in baboons. Our observations indicate that nonhuman primate nephroblastomatosis and nephroblastomas develop in a similar way to Wilms' tumors in humans, although no genetic marker has been associated with nephroblastomas of nonhuman primates thus far.
Animals↗
Gunther von Hagens and Body Worlds Part 1: the anatomist as prosektor and proplastiker.
Recent calls to reintegrate the sciences and humanities are challenged by the contemporary work of anatomist Gunther von Hagens and his Body Worlds exhibits of plastinated cadavers. The anatomical quest to understand our physical interior has long been in tension both with aesthetic ideals and religious sensitivities regarding the metaphysical significance of the human body. Part I of this two-part Historical Note examines tensions epitomized by Goethe's figures of the prosektor and proplastiker. The former, driven by scientific curiosity, is willing to destroy, even desecrate, the human form to obtain knowledge. The latter demurs at such mutilation of our physical body, wondrous even in death--seeking instead to rejoin what the prosektor has pulled apart, to restore human dignity. In the confrontation between prosektor and proplastiker, roles disturbingly fused in the person of von Hagens himself, questions arise regarding the authenticity of models as well as the appropriate recipients of such mediated yet intimate anatomical knowledge. Part II will focus on religious perspectives on the human body, variously interpreted as God's handiwork, habitation for the soul, and vehicle of resurrection. Consideration also is given to the role of anatomist as priest, prophet, and Promethean creator, roles self-consciously embraced by von Hagens.
Anatomy, Artistic↗
Gunther von Hagens and Body Worlds part 2: The anatomist as priest and prophet.
Part 1 of this two-part series highlighted tensions between the anatomical quest for scientific knowledge about the human interior and artistic representations of the anatomized body, contrasting the roles of Goethe's scientific Prosektor and humanistic Proplastiker-roles disturbingly fused in Gunther von Hagens. Part 2 first examines religious interpretations of the human body that fuel the tensions manifest in anatomy art. The body in Western cultures is a sacred text amenable to interpretation as handiwork of God, habitation for the soul, and vehicle for resurrection. As handiwork of God the body beckons the anatomist's scalpel, helping establish dissection as the hallmark of Western medicine. The body as divinely designed machine encompasses the idea of an indwelling soul expressing its will in actions mediated through the intricate network of muscles-an understanding reflected in the oft occurring muscle men of early anatomical textbooks. Interconnections of body and soul in medieval somatic spirituality are examined with reference to ideas of resurrection and their impact on anatomical illustration. Part 2 concludes with consideration of von Hagens as priest and prophet, culminating in the Promethean impulse that recognizes not God but ourselves as proper owners and molders of our destiny, embodied in the plastinator's visionary quest to create the superhuman.
Anatomy, Artistic↗
Trisomy 16 in a pigtailed macaque (M. nemestrina) with multiple anomalies and developmental delays.
A female pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with unusual physical characteristics, deficits in learning and cognitive tasks, abnormal social behavior, and abnormal reflexes and motor control was followed from birth until 3 years of age and found to have trisomy 16, which is homologous to trisomy 13 in humans. The animal described here showed similar features to cases of trisomy 16 and 18 (human trisomy 13 and 18, respectively) reported previously in nonhuman primates. However, both significant differences and similarities were found when compared with the homologous human trisomy. Evaluation of the genetic components of these disorders as well as systematic developmental evaluation can lead to new insights into the genetic basis of speciation, development, and the underlying differences between humans and their closest living relatives.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non-human primates.
Twelve spontaneous ovarian tumors were found in the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research baboon colony. These included four granulosa cell tumors, three teratomas, two endometrioid carcinomas, one seromucinous cystadenofibroma, a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian carcinoma. Age was a pre-disposing factor. With one exception, the tumors of surface epithelial- and sex cordstromal origin occurred in baboons over 17 years of age. The exceptional animal was 7 years of age when a malignant granulosa cell tumor with Sertoli cell differentiation was identified. The two endometrioid tumors, which were found in 17- and 30-year-old animals, were both associated with endometriosis. In contrast, the teratomas, which are tumors of germ cell origin, were found in younger animals, i.e. 17 years of age or younger. One case of an ovarian carcinoma with metastases was observed in a 6-month-old infant. Cases of spontaneous ovarian tumors from the literature are reviewed.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
A kidney epithelial cell line from a Bolivian squirrel monkey.
Squirrel monkeys are the most commonly used New World primates in biomedical research, but in vitro studies are restricted by the limited number of cell lines available from this species. We report here the development and characterization of a continuous, kidney epithelial cell line (SQMK-FP cells) derived from a newborn squirrel monkey. Karyotype was consistent with Bolivian squirrel monkey (submetacentric chromosome pair 15 and acrocentric chromosome pair 16). All cells examined were hyperdiploid with chromosome numbers ranging from 52 to 57. Ultrastructural analysis of SQMK-FP cells revealed the presence of cell junctions with radiating filaments, indicating desmosomes and numerous surface projections containing longitudinally oriented filaments typical of tubular epithelium. Biochemically, SQMK-FP cells exhibit glucocorticoid resistance typical of the squirrel monkey. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding is low in SQMK-FP cells because of high expression of the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 that inhibits GR binding. SQMK-FP cells constitute a tubular epithelial cell line that has biochemical properties characteristic of squirrel monkeys and represents an alternate cell model to B-lymphoblast SML cells to study the biology of the squirrel monkey in vitro.
Animals↗