Biomedical subjects

Cheng-Keng Chuang

Publications and source records attributed to Cheng-Keng Chuang.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis: case report.

Carcinoid tumor of the testis is exceedingly rare. Most carcinoid tumors occur in the appendix or ileocecal region (85%), while others are found in the lung, liver, and genitourinary tract (15%). A primary carcinoid testis tumor may originate from argentaffin or Kulchitsky's cells, which are located in the Lieberkuhn crypt. Preoperative ultrasound may show a solid, hypoechoic, well-defined margin mass combined with calcification or a cyst. Differential diagnosis of the ultrasound appearance is testicular tumor (teratoma/embryonal cell carcinoma), epidermoid tumor, tuberculous epididymo-orchitis, and the result of trauma. Radical orchiectomy remains the main treatment for a carcinoid testis tumor. Grossly, surgical removal of the tumor presents with a solid mass, tan to white in color. Immunohistochemical study shows that tumor cells are diffusely reactive to antibodies to keratins AE1 and AE3, chromogranin-A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and synaptophysin. A pure primary testicular carcinoid tumor has been treated as a benign lesion, while metastatic carcinoid tumor has a poor prognosis regardless of the primary site. To rule out the possibility of metastasis resulting from an extra-testicular primary carcinoid, careful and thorough postoperative whole body surveys are important. Chest X-ray, chest computed tomogram (CT), abdominal and pelvic CT, and octreotide scintigraphy are indicated. We herein describe a case of primary carcinoid tumor of the testis and review the literature.

Carcinoid Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Differential expression of CD44 variant isoforms by cell lines and tissue specimens of transitional cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Certain splice variants (CD44v) can promote the progressive and metastatic behavior of cancer. We tested whether different CD44v molecules were selectively expressed in transitional cell carcinomas based on the stage and grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A panel of 13 TCC cell lines with different degrees of differentiation and biological behavior were tested with monoclonal antibodies to CD44s, CD44v5, v6, v7, v7-8 and v10 by two approaches: immunofluorescence/flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on 55 TCC specimens. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence/flow cytometric analysis showed that surface expression of the variant isoforms CD44v5 and v6 were absent in 3/7 high-grade cell lines (MGH-U1, -U1R and CUB III). Immunohistochemistry showing moderate to strong expression of CD44s was found in 46 out of 55 bladder tumor tissues. Expression of CD44v5 was negatively related with tumor grade (p = 0.007), stage (p = 0.030) and recurrence (p = 0.019). Expression of CD44v10 correlated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.008), while that of CD44v6 did not show any correlation with tumor grade, stage or recurrence. CONCLUSION: Among the CD44 variant isoforms on 55 TCC tissue specimens examined, the expression of CD44v5 was inversely related to tumor grade, stage and recurrence, while the expression of CD44v10 was positively related to tumor recurrence. The CD44v10 may have potential to be developed as a specific immunotherapy target for selected urothelial TCCs.

Alternative Splicing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunophenotypic and molecular cytogenetic features of the cell line UP-LN1 established from a lymph node metastasis of a poorly-differentiated carcinoma.

A lymph node metastatic cell line (UP-LN1) was established in vitro from a poorly-differentiated epithelial tumor, and characterized for immunobiological and molecular cytogenetic profiles. The morphology of UP-LN1 cells when grown as monolayers was unique in that, apart from typical colonies of adherent epithelial cells, many loosely attached round cell colonies emerged on and around the patches of epithelial cells. By means of immunofluorescence/flow cytometric analysis, UP-LN1 cells showed selective expression of cytokeratin markers AE1 and CK20, but expressed AE3 and CK7 poorly. The expression of CEA and CK20 but not CK7 in UP-LN1 cells was also exhibited in the tumor biopsy by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a gastrointestinal origin of this tumor. Down-regulation of HLA-class I and other surface molecules including ICAM-1, CD44s, CD44v5, CD44v6 and E-cadherin were observed, which all pointed to a progressive/invasive phenotype of the tumor. Spectral karyotyping revealed a hypertriploid (approximately 3n) chromosome content with 73-76 chromosomes, including numerical alterations and translocated derivative chromosomes. Seven different translocation chromosomes were observed, four of which involved chromosome 19. Numerical imbalances were also assessed by comparative genomic hybridization. This cell line should be useful for further studies of tumor invasion and metastatic processes because of the unusual in vitro and in vivo immunobiological and genetic characteristics observed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary treatment results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: To review the initial treatment results of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. METHODS: Ninety-two patients treated with IMRT before July 2003 were included in this study. The median follow-up was 32 months. The indications for IMRT included primary, adjuvant, and salvage treatment. Combined treatment with androgen suppression therapy was variable. The primary study endpoints were chronic adverse events which were subjectively reported. Only patients with an adenocarcinoma and who had been treated by primary radiotherapy were included in the analysis of disease relapse. RESULTS: At the time of analysis, 89 patients were still alive, and only 2 patients had died of prostate cancer. In the survival analysis, the 30-month failure-free survival rates were 100%, 89.2%, and 67.3% for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups of patients, respectively. Pretreatment PSA level, Gleason score, risk classification, and adjuvant hormone therapy were significantly associated with relapse according to the univariate analysis, while only risk classification remained significant in the multivariate analysis. During follow-up, 5 (6%) patients developed grade 2 gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AE). Sixteen (18%) and 7 (8%) patients developed grade 2 and 3 urinary AE, respectively. Development of severe urinary adverse events was closely related to previous surgical treatment. No factor was identified as being correlated with the GI adverse events. The preservation rate of sexual function was 25.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Seventy-two Grays of irradiation, administered by IMRT, is a safe method as the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, severe urinary toxicity was related to previous surgical treatment. There is a need for longer follow-up periods to verity the benetit of this dosage level.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) had become the preferred operation for management of adrenal neoplasm. We conducted this cohort study to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy (OA). METHODS: A total of 67 patients with complete medical records were included in this study. Thirty patients underwent OA and the other 37 patients received LA. The intraoperative and perioperative data analyses focused on surgery time, blood loss, pain scale rating, resumption of oral feeding, hospital stay, complications and convalescence. RESULTS: LA was completed in all 37 patients without conversion to OA or mortality. The surgery times (203.4 vs. 192.9, p = 0.776) were similar for both OA and LA groups. There was less blood loss in the LA group (355.0 vs. 104.0, p = 0.021). The postoperative pain scale rating was lower in the LA group (5.6 vs. 4.5 p = 0.035) as was analgesia demand (57.4 vs. 3.7, p < 0.001). Oral feeding resumed earlier in the LA group (91.7 vs. 16.4, p < 0.001) and these patients had a shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.4 vs. 3.9, p < 0.001). The complication rate in both groups was similar. In the LA group, patients with primary aldosteronism had shorter surgery times and less blood loss than patients with other tumor types (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LA results in good surgical outcome without increased risks. We suggest that LA should be the preferred choice for management of adrenal neoplasms. We also suggest that surgeons inexperienced in LA consider beginning with a case of primary hyperaldosteronism.

Adrenalectomy↗