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Cheryl White

Publications and source records attributed to Cheryl White.

3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Male to male sex is associated with a high prevalence of exposure to GB virus C.

Co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to reduce mortality for HIV/AIDS. Epidemiological and demographic factors for GBV-C were examined prospectively in 167 subjects at risk for co-infection. We attempted to establish a hierarchical exposure risk for GBV-C. Overall exposure to GBV-C was 45.5%. In univariate analysis, GBV-C was associated with male to male sex (P<0.0001), HIV infection (P=0.0005) and hepatitis B infection (P=0.006). Injecting drug use approached statistical significance (P=0.08) while being a female sex worker was not associated with GBV-C exposure/infection (P=0.85). Exposure to GBV-C in 192 healthy blood donors was found to be 9.4%. In conclusion, the data suggest that male to male sex is a more effective mode of transmission of GBV-C and that GBV-C is associated with HIV co-infection. As male to male sex is also a risk factor for HIV transmission our data suggest that many may benefit from the potential protective effect GBV-C exerts on HIV-infected persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Simplifying the vertical reduction mammaplasty.

The vertical reduction mammaplasty is an evolving technique. Its proponents report significantly decreased scarring, better breast shape, and more stable results compared with the standard inverted-T method, but the learning curve is long and cosmetic outcomes can be inconsistent. Many surgeons have experimented with the vertical closure before returning to methods more familiar to them. The authors present their modifications to the vertical reduction mammaplasty. Their changes simplify the preoperative markings and the intraoperative technique to shorten the learning curve while maintaining reliable aesthetic results. With the patient standing, only four preoperative marks are made: (1) the inframammary fold; (2) the breast axis; (3) the apex of the new nipple-areola complex; and (4) the medial and lateral limbs of the vertical incision. In the operating room, a medial or a superomedial pedicle is developed. Excess breast skin is resected with the inferior and lateral parenchyma as a C-shaped wedge. The lateral skin-adipose flap is redraped inferomedially and sutured to the chest wall. The inferior aspect of the breast is aggressively debulked and a gathering subcuticular stitch is started 2 cm below the nadir of the nipple-areola complex. Finally, a 38-mm to 42-mm nipple-areola complex marker is used to create a circular defect that is offset 0.5 cm medial to the vertical axis of the breast. In their series, 56 patients were treated and no major complications were noted. The median follow-up period was 17 months. The average reduction was 554.5 g per breast; however, the reduction was greater than 1000 g per breast in eight patients. The authors found that (1) chest wall anchoring improves lateral contour and minimizes axillary fullness; (2) aggressive debulking inferiorly avoids the persistent inferior bulge; and (3) starting the subcuticular gathering suture 2 cm below the nipple-areola complex followed by placement of a nipple-areola complex marker at the conclusion of the case prevents lateral deviation and corrects the nipple-areola complex teardrop deformity. These innovations accelerate the learning curve by simplifying the preoperative markings and lead to more consistent postoperative results and an improved cosmetic outcome. In conclusion, these modifications yield a simple, easily learned vertical reduction mammaplasty with aesthetically reliable results.

Adolescent↗