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Biomedical subjects

Chitsanu Pancharoen

Publications and source records attributed to Chitsanu Pancharoen.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Acceptability of oral typhoid vaccine in Thai children.

To determine the acceptability of oral typhoid vaccine to Thai children, 434 volunteers, aged 4-15 years (average age = 8.2 years), were assigned to take three capsules of oral typhoid vaccine (one capsule every other day). Success was defined as the subjects' being able to swallow all three capsules. Information concerning the subjects' level of education, eating habits, and ability to take medicines in a variety of preparations (syrups, tablets and capsules) was obtained. The overall success rate was 94.2%; the rates were 84.4%, 94.9%, and 100% in the age groups 4-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years respectively. The rates were 82%, 85.7%, 93.3%, 96.4%, 98.8%, 100% and 100% in the students of kindergarten 1, kindergarten 2, elementary grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5 respectively. There was a correlation between a child's prior ability to take tablets/capsules and his success in swallowing the oral typhoid vaccine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus infection in Thai infants.

To identify the risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection among infants in Bangkok, Thailand, a case-control study was conducted during 1997-1999. Blood samples were collected from 257 Thai infants aged 6 months to 2 years. Serum samples were assayed for specific EBV IgG antibodies based on a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The subjects' parents were interviewed with structured questionnaires to collect details about their infants' age, sex, socioeconomic background, and place of child rearing. The infants were classified into two groups: positive and negative EBV IgG; factors related to the risks of infection were also determined. The overall seropositivity rate of the study infants was 36.2%. Infants aged 1-2 years had a 3.64 times higher risk than those aged 6 months -1 year (p < 0.0001). Infants living in families with an income of < or = 10,000 baht/month (1 US dollar = 42 baht) had a 1.33 times higher risk than those with a family income of >10,000 baht/month (p = 0.03). Infants who were reared at home had a 2.92 times higher risk than those reared outside the home (p = 0.05). By logistic regression analysis, age (> 1 years) and family income (< or = 10,000 baht/month) were the two risk factors associated with EBV infection.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

Rectal prolapse associated with cytomegalovirus pseudomembranous colitis in a child infected by human immunodeficiency virus.

We report a newly recognized presentation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis in a 4-year-old girl with newly diagnosed HIV disease who presented with rectal prolapse. Gross findings showed multiple whitish punctate lesions. An endoscopic examination revealed multiple shallow ulcers and pseudomembranes along the colon. A biopsy from colonic tissues demonstrated CMV-like inclusion bodies. A direct immunofluorescence assay using specific CMV monoclonal antibody was positive for CMV-infected cells in specimens from the rectal smear.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in Thai young adults.

The prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19 in 128 Thai healthy young adults was measured. Antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class were investigated in serum samples of 51 males and 77 females aged 18-24 years (mean 19.83; SD 1.07) by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using high specific recombinant parvovirus B 19 antigen. Only 14 out of 128 (10.94%) sera were found positive, including 6 males and 8 females. No sex preponderance was observed. The amount of antibody calculated as antibody index was not statistically significant difference between genders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Seroprevalence of anti-RSV IgG in Thai children aged 6 months to 5 years.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and early childhood worldwide including Thailand. The magnitude as well as the intensity of both infection and host response to the RSV infection determine the severity of disease. To determine the presence of anti-RSV IgG in children of different age groups, 124 serum samples were randomly collected from healthy children aged 6 months to 5 years. All of them were assayed for anti-RSV IgG using a commercial ELISA kit. The mean prevalence rate was found to be 68.91%. The prevalence increased with age: from 6 to 11 months, 11.76%; from 12 to 17 months, 41.67%; from 18 to 23 months, 60.87%; from 24 to 29 months, 88.24%; from 30 to 35 months, 78.57%; from 36 to 41 months, 94.44% and from 42 to 60 months, 100%. The amount of anti-RSV IgG among the groups was significantly different (p = 0.006). No sexual preponderance was found. RSV infection commonly occurred in children aged 12 to 29 months. All children older than 5 years had experienced a RSV infection.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Asia: mother-to-child transmission.

At least 6 million people in the Asia-Pacific region have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The numbers of HIV-infected women and children are increasing at an alarming rate. Important components of infection control that need to be addressed if mother-to-child transmission of HIV is to be prevented successfully include voluntary and confidential counseling and testing, family planning, obstetric care, use of antiretroviral agents, and availability of alternatives to breast-feeding. Many services can aid in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the care of HIV-infected mothers and their children. Each country needs to take into account the features of HIV and AIDS epidemiology that are peculiar to it, its infrastructure, and the resources that are available. Providing services in a stepwise manner can help prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Endocarditis and pericarditis caused by Salmonella paratyphi A: two case reports and review of the literature.

We report on two children with paratyphoid fever and rare cardiac complications (endocarditis and pericarditis) during an outbreak of Salmonella paratyphi A infection in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1996. Both of the patients had underlying congenital heart disease. Two cases in the literatures of endocarditis and five cases of pericarditis caused by Salmonella paratyphi were reviewed. These rare cardiac complications should be considered among persons who reside in an endemic area of enteric fever or during disease outbreaks, especially in children with underlying heart diseases.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Dengue infection: a global concern.

Dengue infection, one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans, is now a significant problem in several tropical countries. The disease, caused by the four dengue virus serotypes, ranges from asymptomatic infection, undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without shock. DHF is characterized by fever, bleeding diathesis and a tendency to develop a potentially fatal shock syndrome. Hematological findings include vasculopathy, coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia as the most constant findings. During the last twenty-five years, there have been increasing reports of dengue infection with unusual manifestations, mainly with cerebral and hepatic symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis includes virus isolation, serology and detection of dengue ribonucleic acid. Successful treatment, which is mainly supportive, depends on early recognition of the disease and careful monitoring for shock. Prevention depends on control of the mosquito vector. More efforts must be made to understand the pathogenesis of DHF in order to develop a safe and effective dengue vaccine.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2002

Hepatic dysfunction in dengue patients with various severity.

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the correlation between biochemical changes in hepatic function and severity of dengue infection in pediatric patients. One hundred and four children with a clinically and serologically confirmed diagnosis of dengue infection were classified into the non-shock group, i.e. 20 cases of dengue fever and 27 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, and the shock group comprising 57 cases of dengue shock syndrome. Liver function tests were performed within the first three days after defervescence or shock. The study showed that levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were significantly higher, whereas, globulin level was significantly lower among patients with more severe disease (p < 0.05). Levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and prothrombin time were not different among the groups. In conclusion, hepatic dysfunction in dengue patients is a common condition. Patients with more severe disease have significantly higher transaminase and lower globulin levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical features of diphtheria in thai children: a historic perspective.

To study the clinical and laboratory features of childhood diphtheria, the cases of 381 children with clinical and bacteriological diagnoses of diphtheria who were treated at the Children's Hospital between 1976 and 1985 were reviewed. Of these, 191 were males and 190 were females. The mean age was 4.6 years. Approximately 75% of the patients had no history of immunization. Common manifestations of diphtheria included patch (100%), fever (92.4%), upper respiratory tract infection (91.6%), upper airway obstruction (42.3%), hoarseness (36.7%), and bull neck (11.3%). The mean duration of fever prior to admission was 3.3 days with a range of 0-11 days. Patch sites included the tonsils (91.9%), the pharynx (55.9%), the larynx (27.8%) and others (24.4%). Complications included upper airway obstruction (42.3%), cardiac complications (10.0%) and neurological complications (4.7%). The mortality rate was 5.8%. There were significant associations between death and the presence of bull neck, laryngeal patch, airway obstruction and cardiac complications. Early recognition and prompt treatment will decrease complications and mortality in this group of patients.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Typhoid fever in children: experience in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

Blood cultures of children treated at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from 1986 to 2000 were retrospectively reviewed and 19 specimens were positive for Salmonella typhi. Of 14 patients whose medical records were available, the age range was between 2 years and 15 years with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Major presentations were prolonged fever with a mean duration of 7 days and gastrointestinal manifestations including abdominal pain (71%), hepatomegaly (64%), anorexia (57%), vomiting (57%), and diarrhea (50%). Most cases had normal hematocrit values with white blood cell counts of 5,000-9,000 cells/mm3 and the percentage of neutrophils was 60-89. Complications were abnormal urine sediments (3) including a case of typhoid nephritis, severe enteritis (2) and acute hemolysis (1). Most isolates were susceptible to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and ceftriaxone by the disk diffusion susceptibility test. Defervescence was seen within 3-14 days after antibiotic therapy. There was no mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA with strong gag-pol specific interferon-gamma ELISPOT response in an HIV-1 clade A/E-infected child untreated with antiretroviral therapy.

We report a 7-year HIV-1 clade A/E-infected child untreated with antiretroviral therapy who had positive HIV antibody testing but undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA by Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and bDNA version 3.0. DNA PCR was positive by methods using gag/pol primers but not env/pol primers. The patient had strong HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, which likely contributed to her low viral burden and undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA.

Anti-Retroviral Agents↗