Biomedical subjects
Christian L Carlson
Publications and source records attributed to Christian L Carlson.
Giant cell tumor of the peroneus tendon sheath.
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Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma of the lumbar spine.
This report describes primary leptomeningeal lymphoma (PLML) of the spine in a 58-year-old female. LML is rare, especially in the immunocompetent, and it is almost always secondary in origin. To our knowledge, there have been very few cases of PLML of the lumbar spine reported in the literature and even fewer reports using recent MR imaging (MRI) technology to aid with diagnosis. MRI is useful in differentiating CNS lesions and may be helpful in the diagnosis of this extremely rare primary lymphoma. PLML is briefly reviewed.
Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma are tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that arise from primitive sympathogonia and are referred to collectively as neuroblastic tumors. They arise wherever sympathetic tissue exists and may be seen in the neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum, and pelvis. The three tumors differ in their degree of cellular and extracellular maturation; immature tumors tend to be aggressive and occur in younger patients (median age, just under 2 years), whereas mature tumors occur in older children (median age, approximately 7 years) and tend to behave in a benign fashion. The most benign tumor is the ganglioneuroma, which is composed of gangliocytes and mature stroma. Ganglioneuroblastoma is composed of both mature gangliocytes and immature neuroblasts and has intermediate malignant potential. Neuroblastoma is the most immature, undifferentiated, and malignant tumor of the three. Neuroblastoma, however, may have a relatively benign course, even when metastatic. Thus, these neuroblastic tumors vary widely in their biologic behavior. Features such as DNA content, tumor proto-oncogenes, and catecholamine synthesis influence prognosis, and their presence or absence aids in categorizing patients as high, intermediate, or low risk. Treatment consists of surgery and, usually, chemotherapy. Despite recent advances in treatment, including bone marrow transplantation, neuroblastoma remains a relatively lethal tumor, accounting for 10% of pediatric cancers but 15% of cancer deaths in children.