Biomedical subjects

Christian Mang

Publications and source records attributed to Christian Mang.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Rational approaches to natural-product-based drug design.

Natural-product-based drug discovery has encountered significant challenges during the past decade. In recent years the pharmaceutical industry has placed low emphasis on natural-product-based drug discovery efforts because of an increasing reliance on newer technologies, such as combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening, and their associated approaches to drug discovery. However, recent natural-product-based lead-identifying strategies have successfully and rapidly integrated rational approaches that exploit and evolve the structural diversity provided by nature. These rational approaches include the application of structure- and ligand-based design, relationship building between biosynthetic enzymes and targets as well as within the target and natural product scaffold space, and biology-oriented synthesis-guided library design. This review focuses on the recent clinical and preclinical development of natural-product-based compounds derived from these rational approaches, and is organized according to disease areas as well as novel concepts that may provide a rational basis for future developments.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Midostaurin upregulates eNOS gene expression and preserves eNOS function in the microcirculation of the mouse.

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is a powerful vasodilator and possesses vasoprotective effects. Therefore, augmentation of eNOS expression and -activity by pharmacological means could provide protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this concept has been questioned recently, because in several disease models, eNOS upregulation was associated with a dysfunctional enzyme (referred to as eNOS uncoupling). In contrast, the present study demonstrates that an eNOS gene expression-enhancing compound with additional protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitory properties can upregulate eNOS while preserving its enzymatic function. Apolipoprotein E-knockout mice were treated for 7 days with midostaurin (4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine, compound CGP 41251, 50-125 mg/kg/day), a PKC inhibitor previously shown to increase eNOS expression and NO production in cultured human endothelial cells. Midostaurin treatment enhanced eNOS mRNA expression (RNase protection assay) in mouse aorta, kidney, and heart in a dose-dependent fashion. In the dorsal skinfold microcirculation, midostaurin produced an arteriolar vasorelaxation (intravital microscopy), which could be prevented by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, indicating that the upregulated eNOS remained functional. In organ chamber experiments, the aorta from midostaurin-treated mice showed an enhanced NO-mediated relaxation in response to acetylcholine. Accordingly, serum levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO-Analyzer) were increased, and the production of reactive oxygen species in the aorta (L-012 chemiluminescence) was reduced by midostaurin. Thus, in mice in vivo, midostaurin treatment results in enhanced expression of eNOS with preserved enzyme function and enhanced production of bioactive NO. Given the beneficial effects of endothelial-derived NO, vasoprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects are likely to ensue.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[18F]Galacto-RGD: synthesis, radiolabeling, metabolic stability, and radiation dose estimates.

It has been demonstrated in various murine tumor models that radiolabeled RGD-peptides can be used for noninvasive determination of alphavbeta3 integrin expression. Introduction of sugar moieties improved the pharmacokinetic properties of these peptides and led to tracer with good tumor-to-background ratios. Here we describe the synthesis, radiolabeling, and the metabolic stability of a glycosylated RGD-peptide ([18F]Galacto-RGD) and give first radiation dose estimates for this tracer. The peptide was assembled on a solid support using Fmoc-protocols and cyclized under high dilution conditions. It was conjugated with a sugar amino acid, which can be synthesized via a four-step synthesis starting from pentaacetyl-protected galactose. For radiolabeling of the glycopeptide, 4-nitrophenyl-2-[18F]fluoropropionate was used. This prosthetic group allowed synthesis of [18F]Galacto-RGD with a maximum decay-corrected radiochemical yield of up to 85% and radiochemical purity >98%. The overall radiochemical yield was 29 +/- 5% with a total reaction time including final HPLC preparation of 200 +/- 18 min. The metabolic stability of [18F]Galacto-RGD was determined in mouse blood and liver, kidney, and tumor homogenates 2 h after tracer injection. The average fraction of intact tracer in these organs was approximately 87%, 76%, 69%, and 87%, respectively, indicating high in vivo stability of the radiolabeled glycopeptide. The expected radiation dose to humans after injection of [18F]Galacto-RGD has been estimated on the basis of dynamic PET studies with New Zealand white rabbits. According to the residence times in these animals the effective dose was calculated using the MIRDOSE 3.0 program as 2.2 x 10(-2) mGy/MBq. In conclusion, [18F]Galacto-RGD can be synthesized in high radiochemical yields and radiochemical purity. Despite the time-consuming synthesis of the prosthetic group 185 MBq of [18F]Galacto-RGD, a sufficient dose for patient studies, can be produced starting with approximately 2.2 GBq of [18F]flouride. Moreover, the fast excretion, the suitable metabolic stability and the low estimated radiation dose allow to evaluate this tracer in human studies.

Amino Sugars↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Natural products in combinatorial chemistry: an andrographolide-based library.

The generation of a natural-product-based library starting from andrographolide is described. Utilizing andrographolide itself in parallel solution-phase synthesis leads to a 360-membered library. The initial transformation of the starting material via ozonolysis is followed by the conversion into a suitable template by introduction of a thiazole moiety. Subsequent decoration at two points of diversity yields the desired natural product derivatives. The selection of actually synthesized compounds is based on a virtually generated library and the assessment of its members with respect to physicochemical parameters, thus ensuring pharmacological relevance of the compounds.

Biological Products↗