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Biomedical subjects

Christine Sedgley

Publications and source records attributed to Christine Sedgley.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The influence of canal curvature on the mechanical efficacy of root canal irrigation in vitro using real-time imaging of bioluminescent bacteria.

There are no quantitative data on the mechanical efficacy of irrigation in the removal of bacteria from curved canals. This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of root canal curvature and preparation size on the mechanical efficacy of irrigation using 33 mandibular single-rooted bicuspids allocated to groups according to root canal curvatures, group 1 (straight) 4 to 8 degrees, group 2 (intermediate curvature) 15 to 19 degrees, and group 3 (greatest curvature) 24 to 28 degrees. Teeth were sequentially instrumented to sizes 27/.04, 36/.04, and 46/.04 using a crown-down technique. Suspensions of the bioluminescent reporter strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL (1.5 x 10(6) cells) were inoculated into canals of sterilized teeth after each sequential instrumentation. Canals were irrigated with 6 ml of irrigant delivered 1 mm from working length using a 30-gauge needle. Remaining bacteria were quantified using real-time bioluminescent imaging. Irrigation was significantly less effective in 24 to 28 degrees curvature canals prepared to size 27/.04 compared to 46/.04 (p < 0.007, repeated-measures ANOVA).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis at multiple oral sites in endodontic patients using culture and PCR.

There are conflicting data on the occurrence of Enterococcus faecalis in the oral cavity of endodontic patients. This study investigated the prevalence of E. faecalis in multi-site oral samples (n = 136) from 41 endodontic patients using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, culturable strains were investigated for virulence traits. Overall, E. faecalis was detected in at least one tongue, oral rinse, or gingival sulcus sample in 68% of patients and in the root canals only in 5% of patients. In 21 patients from whom samples were obtained from all four sites, E. faecalis was detected in more tongue than gingival sulcus, oral rinse, and root canal samples (43, 14, 10, and 10%, respectively; p = 0.0148, chi(2)), and in proportionally greater numbers of patients with gingivitis/periodontitis compared to healthy periodontium (73% versus 20%; p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test). PCR was more sensitive than culture in detecting E. faecalis in oral samples (32% and 4%, respectively; p < 0.0001, McNemar's test). Multiple virulence traits were identified in culturable strains.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture analyses of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals.

Reports on the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals vary considerably, potentially because of variations in clinical sampling and sample analysis methods. This study compared culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect and quantify E. faecalis in the same root canal sample. Consecutive root canal samples obtained from primary infection (n = 40) and retreatment (n = 48) cases were divided into two equal aliquots that were independently analyzed using culture and qPCR by investigators blinded to the analysis results of the other sample. E. faecalis was detected in 10.2% and 79.5% of samples by culture and qPCR, respectively (p < 0.0001; McNemar's test). E. faecalis was detected in more retreatment than primary infection samples (89.6% versus 67.5%; p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). qPCR reported a significantly higher prevalence of E. faecalis in endodontic samples than culture techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Real-time imaging and quantification of bioluminescent bacteria in root canals in vitro.

The detection of microorganisms in root canals is generally limited to qualitative or semiquantitative methods. We describe a new and nondestructive in vitro method to quantify root-canal bacteria over sequential treatment procedures using real-time imaging in conjunction with the bioluminescent reporter strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL. Induced bacterial photon emission can be monitored by sensitive optical photonic imaging and luminometry, providing images as well as spatial and quantitative measurements. Bioluminescence imaging and luminometry determined that the lower limit of detection of bacteria in root canals occurred between 2 x 10(2) and 2 x 10(3) cells, with high correlation between cell counts and detection devices (r > or = 0.981). A preliminary study assessed the efficacy of sequential irrigation procedures to remove 5 x 10(6) bacteria from root canals (n = 5; apical size 60) using a 28-gauge, endodontic needle positioned 1 mm from working length; 9.2% +/- 3.1% and 8% +/- 3.6% of bacteria remained after 3 and 6 ml irrigation, respectively (p = 0.03), corresponding to approximately 4 x 10(5) bacteria remaining after 6 ml. This method can be used to study the efficacy of sequential endodontic treatment procedures in removing bacteria from root canals.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2004

Root canal irrigation--a historical perspective.

The concept of the germ theory of disease combined with the development of dentistry during the latter half of the 19th century had a direct effect on the practice of endodontics. The significance of root canal irrigation to endodontics strengthened in the period between 1859 when Taft recommended frequent syringing of the root canal to remove "irritants" until the mid-1940s when endodontics became a special field within dentistry and the American Endodontic Society was established. This paper reviews the role of irrigants and irrigation in root canal treatment during this period. A variety of recommendations on the use of solutions to clean root canals appeared in the dental literature, often innovative and at times entrepreneurial, but invariably empirically based. While it was widely assumed that by wiping the root canal with disinfectants sterilization would be achieved, many of the principles associated with cleaning the root canal published during this period, in particular by Willoughby Dayton Miller in the 1890s and Louis Grossman in the 1940s, remain equally relevant in the 21st century.

Endodontics↗