Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Christopher R Sforzo.
This article presents an overview of bone-forming tumors that occur in the upper extremity. Osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are covered. Each tumor type is described, and suggestions are made for diagnostic workup and differential diagnosis. Locations in the upper extremity where each tumor typically occurs are given. Preferred treatment regimens and incidence of recurrence are also presented.
Normal hand function is a balance between the extrinsic and intrinsic musculature. Although individually the intrinsics are small muscles in diameter, collectively they represent a large muscle that contributes approximately 50% of grip strength. Dysfunction of the intrinsics consequently leads to impaired grip and pinch strength as well recognized deformities. Low ulnar nerve palsy preserves ulnar innervated extrinsics resulting in sensory loss, digital clawing, thumb deformity, abduction of the small finger, and asynchronous finger motion. High ulnar nerve palsy is characterized by the above plus paralysis of the ulnar profundi and the flexor carpi ulnaris. Understanding the normal anatomy allows the clinician to identify the site of the lesion and plan appropriate surgical intervention. This article revisits the classic work of Richard J. Smith on ulnar nerve palsy with contemporary perspective.