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Biomedical subjects

Christopher V Hughes

Publications and source records attributed to Christopher V Hughes.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Prevalence of bruxism in children receiving treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate reported bruxism among children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty children diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy age and gender matched controls participated in the study. All subjects were examined for dental attrition, and the parents were asked for signs and symptoms of bruxism in their children using a questionnaire. Prevalence of oral parafunction was evaluated comparing ADHD children taking medications, ADHD children not taking medications, and controls. Subjects affected by ADHD and pharmacologically treated showed higher occurrence of bruxism compared to subjects affected by ADHD not taking medicines and controls; and within the ADHD group taking medications, CNS-stimulants have been associated with such side effect more frequently than the other drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Microbial profile on metallic and ceramic bracket materials.

The placement of orthodontic appliances creates a favorable environment for the accumulation of a microbiota and food residues, which, in time, may cause caries or exacerbate any pre-existing periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to compare the total bacterial counts present on metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets in order to clarify which bracket type has a higher plaque retaining capacity and to determine the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp on both types of brackets. Thirty-two metallic brackets and 24 ceramic brackets were collected from orthodontic patients at the day of debonding. Two brackets were collected from each patient; one from a maxillary central incisor and another from a maxillary second premolar. Sixteen patients who used metallic brackets and 12 patients who used ceramic brackets were sampled. Bacterial populations were studied using "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization, which uses DNA probes to identify species in complex microbial samples. The significance of differences between groups was determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results showed no significant differences between metallic and ceramic brackets with respect to the caries-inducing S mutans and L acidophilus spp counts. Mean counts of 8 of 35 additional species differed significantly between metallic and ceramic brackets with no obvious pattern favoring one bracket type over the other. This study showed higher mean counts of Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii, Streptococcus anginosus, and Eubacterium nodatum on metallic brackets while higher counts of Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter showae, and Selenomonas noxia were found on ceramic brackets.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental findings associated with the malformations of CHARGE.

The acronym CHARGE refers to a non-random clustering of congenital malformations whose cause remains unknown. To date, the dental features of CHARGE association are not well known. A brief review of the literature and a case in a 10-year old boy with the CHARGE association are presented. The patient had multiple dental anomalies including congenital absence of teeth, ectopic eruption, submergence of primary molars and an odontogenic fibroma associated with an impacted permanent molar.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caries-risk factors for Hispanic children affected by early childhood caries.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and to develop a profile of risk factors for Hispanic families affected by this condition. METHODS: Sixty Hispanic families with at least 1 child affected by ECC and 60 Hispanic families without any affected children were included in the study. Data was collected using a parent-completed questionnaire which gathered information about family demographics, dental care and hygiene practices, and feeding practices of the children. RESULTS: Parents in families without ECC were significantly more likely to have visited the dentist recently and the children were less likely to sleep while feeding compared to families with an ECC-affected child. Within families affected by ECC, siblings with ECC were significantly more likely to use the bottle and to sleep while feeding compared with their siblings without ECC. Fifty-five percent of the subject families had more than 1 child affected by ECC. However, odds ratios did not indicate an increased risk of ECC among younger siblings in the presence of affected older siblings. CONCLUSIONS: The current study, while supporting the long-held belief that feeding practices influence the susceptibility and course of ECC, demonstrates the role of other nonfeeding practices.

Boston↗