Disruptive body patterning of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) requires visual information regarding edges and contrast of objects in natural substrate backgrounds.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Chuan-Chin Chiao
Publications and source records attributed to Chuan-Chin Chiao.
Contextual tuning of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells.
A direction-selective (DS) retinal ganglion cell responds well to a small object moving within its receptive field center, but less well when there is also a moving stimulus in the surrounding area; this has been described as tuning for local motion. We show here an additional selectivity, such that the surround has less effect if there is a discontinuity--that is, a difference in spatial phase, spatial frequency or velocity--between the center stimulus and that present in the surround.
Action Potentials↗
Starburst cells nondirectionally facilitate the responses of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells.
The mechanism of direction selectivity in retinal ganglion cells remains controversial. An important issue is how the starburst amacrine cells, which are known to provide a major synaptic input to the direction-selective ganglion cells, participate in the directional discrimination. Here, we present evidence that the cholinergic outputs of the starburst cells affect the responses of the ganglion cells symmetrically; they provide a feedforward excitation that facilitates the response of the ganglion cells to movement in both the preferred and null directions. This seems to place a constraint on models of the directional discrimination in which the starburst cells participate, namely, that their cholinergic synapses be nondirectional in their effects on the ganglion cells.
Amacrine Cells↗
Cuttlefish body patterns as a behavioral assay to determine polarization perception.
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Animals↗