Varicocele: size does matter.
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Body Mass Index↗
Biomedical subjects
Cigdem Tanrikut
Publications and source records attributed to Cigdem Tanrikut.
Microsurgical management of male infertility.
The introduction of microsurgical techniques has revolutionized the treatment of male infertility. As a result of technical advances and innovation over the past 10-15 years, previously infertile couples are now able to conceive naturally or to parent their own biological children with the aid of assisted reproductive technologies. This article reviews the indications, techniques, and outcomes of the various microsurgical procedures currently used to optimize male fertility. The most up-to-date methods of microsurgical vasal and epididymal reconstruction, sperm retrieval, and varicocele repair are discussed.
Azoospermia↗
Acid-base and electrolyte disorders after urinary diversion.
The use of bowel in urologic reconstructive procedures may result in numerous short and long-term complications, including well-described acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Many of these metabolic alterations are influenced by how solute absorption occurs across the particular bowel segment chosen for reconstruction. Solute absorption is impacted by: (1) the segment of bowel used, (2) the surface area of bowel used, (3) the time of retention of urine, (4) the concentration of solutes in the urine, (5) renal function, and (6) the pH and osmolality of the urine. These factors affect the type and amount of solutes absorbed, as well as the severity of metabolic complications that develop.
Acid-Base Imbalance↗
Distinguishing stent from stone: use of bone windows.
OBJECTIVES: To present a simple method to assist in distinguishing stents or nephrostomy tubes from urinary tract stones. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) is now routinely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary tract stones. When stents or nephrostomy tubes are in place, it may be difficult to differentiate the stent from the stone. METHODS: Three representative patients with ureteral stents or nephrostomy drainage catheters (stents/tubes) who were suspected of having residual urinary tract stones were studied by visualizing the suspicious density on CT. Abdominal windows were used for initial viewing, then bone windows were used, and the two techniques were compared. The Hounsfield units (HU) of the various stents/tubes were measured in vitro to establish reference points. The pixel densities of stones have a known range and, in our experience, may be as high as 1600 HU. RESULTS: Using the abdominal window, no difference was observed in the radiographic appearance of the stents/tubes compared with urinary calculi. However, when viewed in the bone window, the stone appeared less dense than the stent/tube. The in vitro pixel densities of the stents/tubes measured 1600 to 2600 HU compared with the calculi, which do not exceed 1600 HU. CONCLUSIONS: Using the abdominal window, stents and stones may have the same CT appearance. However, the bone window allows a visual distinction between a stent/tube and a stone. This distinction is accounted for by differences in pixel density. This observation allows one to distinguish a stent/tube from a stone on CT in patients in whom a nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent is present.
Adult↗