Biomedical subjects

Claudia Casella

Publications and source records attributed to Claudia Casella.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Trends in incidence rates of oesophagus and gastric cancer in Italy by subsite and histology, 1986-1997.

OBJECTIVE: Population-based studies in Western countries suggest that the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is increasing, whereas the incidence of distal gastric carcinoma and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is declining. This is the first population-based study carried out in a southern European region to evaluate the time trends in incidence rates of oesophageal and gastric tumours according to subsite and histology over the period 1986-1997. METHODS: Cancer cases were drawn from seven registries of the Italian Network of Cancer Registries, which covers approximately 9% of the Italian population (annual average 5 027 944). Time trends in age and sex-standardized incidence rates were reported. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) and related 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by modelling age, sex, subsite and morphology-specific incidence rates through Poisson log-linear regression, and whenever necessary negative-binomial regression. Overall, 25 895 gastric and 2497 oesophageal carcinomas were examined. RESULTS: On the whole, an increasing trend was observed for OA plus GCA. The increase was statistically significant in younger women (<60 years: EAPC 3.7; 95% CI 0.2; 7.3) and in older men (>75 years: EAPC 4.0; 95% CI 1.2; 6.9). Similar trends were also observed in proximal gastric cancer (GCA plus fundus). A decline in the stomach subfundus incidence was observed in both sexes and in each age group. OSCC decreased significantly in men (EAPC-2.6; 95% CI-4.1;-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: It is plausible that the different tendencies in oesophageal and proximal gastric cancer in men and women are attributable to heterogeneous distributions of risk factors by sex or age.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Lung cancer in an urban area in Northern Italy near a coke oven plant.

Coke ovens are well-known sources of potentially carcinogenic air pollutants, but studies on resident populations are still poor. This study investigates the incidence of lung cancer near a coke oven in Cornigliano, a district of the Genoa municipality in Northern Italy. Genoa proper and one district similar to Cornigliano as regards socio-economic deprivation were selected as referents. Incidence data were drawn from the Ligurian Cancer Registry for 1986-1997 calendar period. Concentrations of pollutants related to the industrial activity (namely benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, PM(10), CO, NO(2) and SO(2)) were collected in selected locations before and after the coke oven closing. Spatial trend around the plant was assessed by Stone's test, while the pattern of risk across Cornigliano was evaluated via disease mapping in a Bayesian model. A gradient of air pollutants was observed around the coke oven, which disappeared after its closing. In Cornigliano, 158 lung cancer cases were observed in males and 28 in females. Only a marginal excess risk was observed versus the two selected referents, while a gradient in the areas close to the plant emerged among females. Disease mapping revealed another cluster of risk for both sexes in the Eastern part of the district, where a foundry was operative until the early 1980s. The excess risk for females is consistent with pollution measurements and with other epidemiological evidence. The geographic pattern of incidence suggests a role of industrial air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Occupational exposure to carbon black and risk of cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate cancer risk in dockyard workers exposed to carbon black. METHODS: Cancer incidence was ascertained among 2101 longshoremen employed at the dockyard of Genova, Italy They were categorized a priori as exposed to low, moderate, and high level of carbon black dust. Incidence rates for the male population of the City of Genova were used to compute standardized incidence ratios (SIR). RESULTS: A positive exposure-response relation with carbon black exposure was detected only for bladder cancer (SIR = 204, 95%CI = 112-343, in highly exposed workers). Increased incidence of pleural mesothelioma (SIR = 751, 95%CI = 302-1547) and melanoma (SIR = 288, 95%CI = 125-2168) were detected. CONCLUSION: Exposure to carbon black experienced by dockyard workers was associated with a two-fold increased risk of bladder cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer trends in Italy: figures from the cancer registries (1986-1997).

The Italian Network of Cancer Registries analyzed incidence and mortality cancer trends during the period 1986-1997 Overall, 525,645 incident cancers and 269,902 cancer deaths (in subjects 15 years and older) were included. Age-adjusted rates, joinpoints (points in time where trend significantly changes from linearity) and estimated annual percent changes in rates (EAPC) were computed. Overall cancer incidence was significantly increasing in both sexes and cancer mortality was significantly decreasing (since 1991 among males). Incidence and mortality trends are summarised for single cancer sites. Crude rates are also showed to evaluate the effect of population ageing in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic burden for the National Health System.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid cancer.

Temporal trend for incident cases (n = 5,101) and deaths (n = 1,130) for thyroid cancer in the database of the Italian Network of Cancer Registries (pool AIRT) in the period 1986-1997, showed a statistically significant increase of incidence rates in both males (EAPC = +3.4%) and females (EAPC = +4.6%). Mortality rates showed a statistically significant decrease, for both sexes, of about 4%/year.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Health conditions of the general population living near a steel plant].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health conditions (period 1986-2003) of the residents in Cornigliano, a district of Genoa (Italy), exposed to air pollution produced by a steel plant with coke-ovens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three epidemiological investigations were performed: on all mortality causes; on tumors incidence; on hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. The studies are based on the Regional Mortality Registry, the Ligurian Tumor Registry and the regional hospital discharge records. We calculated both the standardized mortality (SMR) and incidence (SIR) ratios with 95% confidence limits, and we have compared the hospitalization rates in two Cornigliano subareas with different pollution levels; the "rest of Genoa" represents the general reference. RESULTS: In Cornigliano the total mortality is statistically higher among males (SMR 123; n. 1684) and females (SMR 148; n. 2160); in particular all tumours, prostate, brain and emolymphopoietic system were significantly higher among males, while colon-rectum and NOS intestine tumours were higher among females. SMRs were statistically higher in both genders for degenerative illnesses of the nervous central system, brain circulatory disorders and liver cirrhosis; only in males for respiratory tract illnesses and in females for myocardial heart attacks. The incidence has increased to a statistically significant extent among males for all cancer sites (SIR 110; n. 821), and for larynx, brain and emolymphopoietic system tumours. Hospitalizations for respiratory illnesses appear to be higher in the most polluted area among males (age 0-14), and decreased after closing the coke-oven plant (2002). CONCLUSIONS: Results of these studies suggest that air pollution in Cornigliano may have a role on populations health conditions.

Adolescent↗