Biomedical subjects

Claudio E Pérez

Publications and source records attributed to Claudio E Pérez.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Obesity, overweight and ethnicity.

OBJECTIVES: This article describes the prevalence of self-reported overweight and obesity, based on body mass index (BMI), by ethnicity and examines the influence of time since immigration within and between ethnic groups. DATA SOURCES: Results are based on data from two cycles of Statistics Canada's Canadian Community Health Survey, conducted in 2000/01 and 2003. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Weighted prevalences of overweight (BMI > or =25) and obesity (BMI > or =30) were calculated by sex and ethnicity for the population aged 20 to 64. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations between overweight/obesity and ethnicity, and within and between ethnic groups based on time since immigration, controlling for age, household income, education and physical activity. MAIN RESULTS: Aboriginal men and women had the highest prevalences of overweight and obesity; East/Southeast Asians, the lowest. Independent of age, household income, education and physical activity, Aboriginal people had elevated odds of overweight and obesity, compared with Whites; South Asians and East/Southeast Asians had significantly lower odds. Recent immigrants (10 years or less) had significantly lower prevalences of overweight, compared with non-immigrants, but this difference tended to disappear over time.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Second-hand smoke exposure--who's at risk?

OBJECTIVES: This article examines exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in 2003 in various settings by age and sex, and compares exposure indicators by province and health region. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the 2000/01 and 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey, conducted by Statistics Canada. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Rates of exposure to SHS among non-smokers are calculated by sex, age and location for the household population aged 12 or older. Rates of exposure at work are examined for employed non-smokers aged 15 or older. Smoking prevalence is expressed as a percentage of the household population aged 12 or older. MAIN RESULTS: In 2003, 33% of non-smokers reported that they were regularly exposed to SHS. The risk of exposure was greatest in public spaces, but regardless of setting, rates of exposure were higher for men than women. Exposure rates varied by age and peaked in young adulthood. However, at home and at work, the younger the non-smokers, the more likely they were to be exposed to SHS. Disparities in SHS exposure by province/territory and by health region were substantial.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Children who become active.

OBJECTIVES: This article examines factors associated with children aged 4 to 11 becoming and remaining active, and how this differed according to their weight. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth: cycle 1 (1994/95) for the cross-sectional analysis, and cycles 1, 2 and 3 (1994/95 to 1998/99) for the longitudinal analysis. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Estimates of physical activity levels in 1994/95 among acceptable-weight and overweight/obese children are presented by age, sex and selected activities (TV viewing, playing computer/video games, and hours of physical education at school). Logistic regression models were constructed for children who were inactive in 1994/95, focusing on the selected activities as predictors of adopting and maintaining an active lifestyle. MAIN RESULTS: Factors associated with children adopting and maintaining an active lifestyle differed, depending on their weight. For overweight/obese children, but not for acceptable-weight children, a relatively high number of physical education hours was predictive of becoming physically active, while frequent TV viewing lowered the odds.

Body Mass Index↗

PubMed2002

Fruit and vegetable consumption.

OBJECTIVES: This article focuses on associations between the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and other health-related behaviours or conditions, including physical activity, smoking, obesity and alcohol-dependence. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the first half of cycle 1.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, collected from September 2000 through February 2001. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Weighted means provide information on average frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to selected health behaviours and conditions, health status and socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariate linear regression is used to model the associations between eating fruit and vegetables and health behaviours, while controlling for other influences. MAIN RESULTS: Women consume fruit and vegetables more often than do men. When other influences are taken into account, the frequency of eating fruits and vegetables is positively related in both sexes to being physically active, not smoking and not being overweight, and in women, to not being alcohol-dependent.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Ontario hospitals--mergers, shorter stays and readmissions.

OBJECTIVES: This article examines the association between readmissions of pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients to Ontario hospitals in 1998/99, and reductions in length of stay and recent hospital administrative mergers. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the 1998/99 Discharge Abstract Database, maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Cross-tabulations were used to assess unadjusted associations between hospital and patient characteristics and readmission risk. Hierarchical nonlinear models were used to calculate odds of readmission, adjusting for hospital and patient characteristics. MAIN RESULTS: Hospital characteristics that may indicate restructuring--a decrease in mean length of stay or a recent administrative merger--were not associated with readmission of pneumonia or AMI patients within 30 days of discharge. Patients with two or more related hospital admissions in the previous year were at increased risk of readmission.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity and ethnicity: evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the Canadian population lives a sedentary lifestyle. Few data are available describing the physical activity behaviours among specific ethnic groups in Canada, so the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ethnicity and the level of self-reported physical activity. METHODS: Pooled data from cycles 1.1 (2000/01) and 2.1 (2003) of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (ages 20-64 yrs; N = 171,513) were used for this study. Weighted prevalences of self-reported leisure-time moderate (> or = 1.5 kcal x kg(-1) day(-1) (kkd)); moderate to high (> or = 3 kkd) and high physical activity (> or = 6 kkd) were calculated, and multiple logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of being physically active across ethnic groups, after adjustment for several covariates (White referent group). RESULTS: The rank order of prevalence of being moderately physically active by ethnicity was: White (49%), Other (48%), NA Aboriginal (47%), Latin American (40%), East/Southeast Asian (39%), Black (38%), West Asian/Arab (36%), South Asian (34%). Aboriginal men and women had the highest prevalences of being physically active at > or = 3 kkd (M = 32%, F = 22%) while East/Southeast Asian (19%) and East Asian/Arab men (19%), and South Asian women (12%) had the lowest prevalences. After accounting for covariates, Aboriginal men were at elevated odds of being physically active compared to Whites (> or = 3 kkd, OR=1.6, p < 0.05; > or = 6 kkd, OR = 2.7, p < 0.05). Only 7% and 3% of Canadian men and women, respectively, were active at > or = 6 kkd. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prevalence of physically active Canadian adults varies by ethnicity. Strategies to promote physical activity and prevent physical inactivity should consider these findings.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity and immigrant status: evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: The immigrant population in Canada is diverse and growing, yet little is known about their physical activity behaviour and how it changes as they adapt to a Canadian lifestyle. This study extends the surveillance of physical activity in Canada to include the influence of time since immigration within and between ethnic groups. METHODS: Pooled data from cycles 1.1 (2000/01) and 2.1 (2003) of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (ages 20-64 y; N = 171,513) were used for this study. Weighted prevalences of self-reported leisure-time physical activity (> or = 3 kcal x kg(-1) x day(-1) (kkd)) were calculated, and unadjusted and adjusted (age, income, education, BMI) multiple logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of being physically active (PA) (> or = 3 kkd) by time since immigration (recent immigrant < or = 10 yrs, immigrant >10 yrs, non-immigrant) within and between ethnic groups (White referent group). RESULTS: The prevalence of recent immigrants (< or = 10 yrs) being PA (> or = 3 kkd) by ethnicity was: White (21%), Other (19%), Black (19%), Latin American (17%), West Asian/Arab (16%), East/Southeast Asian (14%), South Asian (11%). Recent immigrant Black men and White women had the highest prevalence of being PA (M = 27%, F = 18%) while South Asian men and women had the lowest prevalence (M = 14%, F = 9%). There is a gradient in the prevalence of being PA with recent immigrants (16%) < immigrants (20%) < non-immigrants (24%). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of being PA by time since immigration show similar patterns for men and women. Controlling for age, income, education and BMI had only small effects on the odds of being physical active across ethnicities and immigrant status. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physical activity levels vary according to immigrant status and self-ascribed ethnicity in Canadian adults. Strategies to promote physical activity and prevent physical inactivity should consider both ethnicity and time since immigration.

Adult↗