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Biomedical subjects

Claudio Fabris

Publications and source records attributed to Claudio Fabris.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Magnesium intake, glucose and insulin serum levels in pre-school very-low-birth weight pre-term children.

AIMS: To evaluate cross-sectional associations between dietary magnesium intake and the metabolic pattern of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) pre-term children, in pre-school years (>2 and <6 years). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight Italian children without major congenital malformations/conditions were enrolled; dietary intakes, clinical and (in 34 cases) laboratory characteristics were evaluated. Subjects with lower magnesium intake showed significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. At simple regression analysis, fasting glucose was significantly associated with magnesium intake (inversely) and catch-up growth (CUG). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were inversely associated with intakes of magnesium and fibres, and directly with Body Mass Index (BMI) and CUG. In a multiple regression model, after adjusting for multiple confounders and fibre intake, magnesium intake was inversely associated with glucose (beta=-0.018; 95%CI -0.026 to -0.010), but not with insulin or HOMA-IR levels. In the same model, dietary fibres remained inversely associated with insulin (beta=-0.075; -0.14 to -0.008) and HOMA-IR levels (beta=-0.06; -0.11 to -0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a significant association between reduced magnesium intake and fasting glucose, and between reduced fibre intake and insulin resistance and this is present even in earlier childhood, and independently of BMI and growth characteristics.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes by mode of delivery. A case-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Side-by-side comparisons of short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes for spontaneous vaginal delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, planned caesarean section and caesarean section during labor in patients matched for clinical condition, age, and week of gestation are lacking. This case-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate short-term maternal and neonatal complications in a healthy population at term by mode of delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Four groups of healthy women, with antenatally normal singleton pregnancies at term, who underwent instrumental vaginal delivery (no. 201), spontaneous delivery (no. 402), planned caesarean section without labor (no. 402) and caesarean section in labor (no. 402) have been retrospectively selected. Outcome measures were maternal and neonatal short-term complications. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Maternal complications were mostly associated with forceps-assisted and vacuum-assisted instrumental deliveries (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.9-16.4 and OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.1-8.8, respectively, versus spontaneous deliveries). No significant differences in overall complications were observed between spontaneous vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections, whether planned or in labor. By comparison with caesarean sections in labor, instrumental deliveries significantly increased the risk of complications (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.6-6.5). Neonatal complications were also mostly correlated with forceps-assisted and vacuum-assisted instrumental deliveries (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.9-6.7 and OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.0-7.4, respectively, versus spontaneous deliveries). By comparison with caesarean sections in labor, instrumental vaginal deliveries significantly increased the risk of complications (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.4-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy women with antenatally normal singleton pregnancies at term, instrumental deliveries are associated with the highest rate of short-term maternal and neonatal complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between maternal- and fetal-specific IgE.

AIM: A positive correlation between maternal and cord-blood IgE levels is well documented for total IgEs, but not for specific IgEs. The difficulty in detecting specific cord-blood IgEs is due to their low concentrations, which hinder their dosage by low-sensitivity methods. The study aimed to correlate maternal and foetal specific IgEs against individual cow's milk proteins, detected by highly sensitive and specific techniques. METHODS: Cow's milk specific IgE detection was performed by chemiluminescence on 52 specimens of maternal and cord blood after cow's milk protein separation by 1D and 2D gel electrophoresis. Cow's milk protein (CMP) antigens were identified by mass spectrometry techniques. RESULTS: Specific IgEs for CMPs were found in 25/52 (48.1%) of maternal sera and in 19/52 (37%) of cord-blood sera. In order of decreasing frequency, the proteins found were BSA, IgG heavy chain, caseins and, in a single case, b-lactoglobulin. Positive cord-blood sera in all cases corresponded to a positive maternal result, and maternal and foetal immunoreactivity patterns were closely correlated. Moreover, in no case was there a positive cord-blood response with a negative maternal response. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a close relationship between maternal and cord-blood specific IgE patterns. The phenomenon observed could provide a model to elucidate the general production method of foetal IgEs, which might only be produced in the presence of both the corresponding maternal IgE and the related allergen.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

The impact of national and international guidelines on newborn care in the nurseries of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Italy.

BACKGROUND: Care procedures for preventing neonatal diseases are carried out according to nurseries' traditions and may be not consistent with the evidence based medicine issues. METHODS: A multi-centric survey was conducted in 2 Regions located in NW Italy (Piedmont and Aosta Valley) in order to collect information on some healthy newborn care procedures. During 2001, a questionnaire was sent to the chief pediatrician in charge to the all 33 nurseries of the region asking the methods used during 2000 as prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum, early and late hemorrhagic disease of newborn, umbilical cord care and recommendations of vitamin D administration. Thereafter, during 2004 the same questionnaire was sent to the 34 chief pediatrician of nurseries to evaluate if the procedures were changed during 2003 according to guidelines. The nurseries care for 32,516 newborns in 2000 and 37,414 in 2003. RESULTS: Aminoglycoside eyes drops as prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum were the first choice in both periods (23 out 33 nurseries in 2000 and 24 out 34 in 2003 p > 0.05; the corresponding figures for newborns were 18,984 out 32,516 newborns vs. 28,180 out of 37,414 p < 0.05). The umbilical cord care was carried out with alcohol in 12/33 centers (13,248 newborns) and dry gauze in 3/33 centers (2,130 newborns) in 2000, the corresponding figures in 2003 were 6/34 centers (p > 0.05), (6,380 newborns, p < 0.05) and 12/34 centers (p < 0.05), (18,123 newborns, p < 0.05). The percentage of newborns receiving of i.m. vitamin K. at birth increased during the study period (15,923/32,104 in 2000 vs. 19,684/37,414 in 2003, p < 0.01), but not the number of nurseries (16 in 2000 and 17 in 2003 p > 0.05). The numbers of parents of newborns who receive the recommendations of oral vitamin K during the first months life decreased from 2000 (25,516/30,606) to 2003 (29,808/37,414, p < 0.01) as well as for Vitamin D recommendation (14,582/30,616 in 2000 vs. 11,051/37,414 in 2003, p < 0.01). Oral vitamin K during the first months of life was recommended by 25 nurseries in 2000 and 27 in 2003 (p > 0.05), the corresponding figures for Vitamin D were 15 and 14 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the present study a large variability of procedures among the nurseries was observed. During the study periods, guidelines and evidence based medicine issues have only partially modified the neonatal care procedures In Piedmont and Aosta Valley nurseries. These observations suggest to implement local forum/consensus conference to standardized procedures as much as possible.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed2004

Differences in size at birth are determined by differences in growth velocity during early prenatal life.

Physiologic interindividual differences in neonatal size are traditionally thought of as determined by differences in fetal growth occurring only in the second half of pregnancy. Whether possible differences in early intrauterine growth velocity are the effect of random growth fluctuations or may affect size at birth is still debated. This article aims at evaluating to what extent differences in neonatal size are accounted for by differences in fetal growth velocity. We analyzed the fetal growth of 130 healthy singletons for whom head (HC) and abdomen (AC) circumferences and femur diaphysis length (FDL) longitudinal profiles were available, together with the measures of weight (BW), length (BL), and head circumference (BHC) at birth. Individual profiles were fitted with ad-hoc models. Neonatal traits were transformed into standard deviation scores (SDS). Neonates in the upper third of BW-SDS distribution (3618+/-43 g, mean+/-SEM) had, at 22 wk of gestational age, AC growth velocity higher by 0.55+/-0.10 mm/wk than those in the lower third (2902+/-36 g). Neonates in the upper third of BL-SDS distribution (51.7+/-0.21 cm) had, at 20 wk, FDL growth velocity higher by 0.11+/-0.05 mm/wk than those in the lower third (48.2+/-0.18 cm). Neonates in the upper third of BHC-SDS distribution (35.7+/-0.13 cm) had, at 18 wk, HC growth velocity higher by 0.57+/-0.20 mm/wk than those in the lower third (33.3+/-0.11 cm). The differences in growth velocity remain constant throughout the second and third trimester for AC, and tend to vanish in the third trimester for HC and FDL. The differences in fetal growth velocity, which in our study were observed as early as mo 4, suggest that the genetic component plays an important role in fetal growth and is precociously expressed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

Cow's milk allergens identification by two-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) has become a common disease in early childhood, its prevalence ranging from 1.6% to 2.8% among children younger than 2 years of age. The role of different cow's milk protein (CMP) in the pathogenesis of CMA is still controversial. Even if the proteins most frequently and most intensively recognized by immunoglobulin E (IgE) seem to be the most abundant in milk (caseins and beta-lactoglobulin), with an although great variability all milk proteins appear to be potential allergens, even those that are present in trace amounts (i.e., lactoferrin, IgG, and BSA). In this work proteomics techniques have been applied for CMP allergens analysis. Allergens have been identified by immunoblotting following resolution of CMP components by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Sera from 20 milk-allergic subjects, as proven by oral provocation test, CAP-RAST and skin prick test, have been used for cow's milk major allergen identification. Cow's milk proteins and their isoforms were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)-mass spectrometry. In our group of patients, the prevalence of CMP allergens, i.e., the total number of subjects sensitized to CMP divided by the total number of the subjects enrolled in the study, was: 55% alpha(s1)-casein, 90% alpha(s2)-casein, 15% beta-casein, 50% kappa-casein, 45% beta-lactoglobulin, 45% BSA, 95% IgG-heavy chain, 50% lactoferrin, and 0% alpha-lactalbumin.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

Congenital toxoplasmosis: assessment of risk to newborns in confirmed and uncertain maternal infection.

UNLABELLED: We identified 205 newborns at risk of congenital infection based on their mothers' immunological status during pregnancy, using the criteria established by the European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis to define the likelihood of infection in pregnant women. Of the 205 newborns, 60 (29.2%) were born to mothers with documented seroconversion, 49 (23.9%) to mothers with probable infection, 60 (29.2%) to mothers with possible infection, and 36 (17.6%) to mothers who were unlikely to be infected. Infection was transmitted to the child in 13 out of 60 cases (21.6%) of seroconversion, in 2 out of 49 (4.1%) cases of probable infections and in none of the possible and unlikely cases. The results were further analysed considering only the 109 newborns of mothers with confirmed and probable infection; in this group, toxoplasmosis was not transmitted to any of the 45 newborns of mothers infected in the first trimester of pregnancy, whereas it was transmitted to 5 out of 29 (17.2%) cases of seroconversion and 2 out of 12 (16.6%) with probable infection in the second trimester, and to 8 out of 23 (34.8%) with confirmed infection in the third trimester (no probable infections were dated in the third trimester). Among the newborns of mothers with seroconversion, the risk of symptomatic infection was 10.4% in the second trimester and 8.7% in the third trimester. CONCLUSION: the authors have quantified the risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis infection, not only in cases of seroconversion, as reported by others, but also in infections defined as probable or possible based on presence of IgM and/or IgA and with medium-high IgG levels. Probable infections in the second trimester of pregnancy carries the same risk of transmission as seroconversions and pregnant women and their newborns in these cases should undergo the same diagnostic and therapeutic approach. It is suggested that newborns of mothers with certain and probable infection must be carefully observed and undergo clinical and serological testing to identify and treat the infection as soon as possible. In the case of possible or unlikely maternal infection, serological testing at longer intervals is nevertheless advisable without the need for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Structural proteome of human colostral fat globule membrane proteins.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains proteins derived from the apical membrane of secreting epithelial cells of the mammary gland. Between 2-4% of total human milk protein content is associated with the fat globule fraction, as MFGM proteins. While MFGM proteins have very low classical nutritional value, they play important roles in various cell processes and defence mechanisms for the newborn. To date, fewer than 30 human MFGM proteins have been identified and characterized, either by immunological methods or by Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry. This study aimed to update the structural proteome of human colostral MFGM proteins and to create an annotated two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) MFGM protein database available on-line. More than one hundred 2-DE spots derived from human colostral MFGM proteins were investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and proteins were identified by three different software packages available on the web (PeptIdent, MS-Fit and ProFound); uncertain identifications were solved by nanoelectrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry using SEQUEST software.

Databases, Protein↗
PubMed2002

A proteomic approach to evaluate the butyrophilin gene family expression in human milk fat globule membrane.

Human butyrophilin (BTN) expression in milk fat globule (MFGM) was evaluated using two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) as the separation technique, and peptide mass mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) as the identification tool. Since milk composition changes throughout lactation time, 2-DE maps in the pH range 4-7 of colostral MFGM and mature MFGM were compared, showing only slight differences in BTN spot distribution. The BTN gene family codes for seven proteins (BTN, BTN2A1, BTN2A2, BTN2A3, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, BTN3A3), their presence in human tissues has to date been evaluated only at a transcriptional level. Among 70 spots, analyzed and identified by MALDI-MS, 13 spots were identified as BTN spots and only one as a fragment of BTN2A1. BTN was present in multiple glycoforms, and two smaller BTN forms of about 45 kDa were also identified. We propose an array of BTNs on human MFGM, which could provide breast-fed infants with immune molecules during the neonatal period.

Amino Acid Sequence↗