Biomedical subjects

Clive Frankish

Publications and source records attributed to Clive Frankish.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Lexical and semantic influences on item and order memory in immediate serial recognition: evidence from a novel task.

Previous studies have reported that, in contrast to the effect on immediate serial recall, lexical/semantic factors have little effect on immediate serial recognition. This has been taken as evidence that linguistic knowledge contributes to verbal short-term memory in a redintegrative process at recall. Contrary to this view, we found that lexicality, frequency, and imageability all influenced matching span. The standard matching span task, requiring changes in item order to be detected, was less susceptible to lexical/semantic factors than was a novel task involving the detection of phoneme order and hence item identity changes. Therefore, in both immediate recognition and immediate serial recall, lexical/semantic knowledge makes a greater contribution to item identity than to item order memory. Task sensitivity, and not the absence of overt recall, may have underpinned previous failures to show effects of these variables in immediate recognition. We also compared matching span for pure and unpredictable mixed lists of words and nonwords. Lexicality had a larger impact on immediate recognition for pure than for mixed lists, in line with findings for immediate serial recall. List composition affected the detection of phoneme but not item order changes in matching span; similarly, in recall, mixed lists produce more frequent word phoneme migrations but not migrations of entire items. These results point to strong similarities between immediate serial recall and recognition. Lexical/semantic knowledge may contribute to phonological stability in both tasks.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Image quality, compression and segmentation in medicine.

This review considers image quality in the context of the evolving technology of image compression, and the effects image compression has on perceived quality. The concepts of lossless, perceptually lossless, and diagnostically lossless but lossy compression are described, as well as the possibility of segmented images, combining lossy compression with perceptually lossless regions of interest. The different requirements for diagnostic and training images are also discussed. The lack of established methods for image quality evaluation is highlighted and available methods discussed in the light of the information that may be inferred from them. Confounding variables are also identified. Areas requiring further research are illustrated, including differences in perceptual quality requirements for different image modalities, image regions, diagnostic subtleties, and tasks. It is argued that existing tools for measuring image quality need to be refined and new methods developed. The ultimate aim should be the development of standards for image quality evaluation which take into consideration both the task requirements of the images and the acceptability of the images to the users.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1989

Perceptual organization and precategorical acoustic storage.

Current views of precategorical acoustic storage (PAS) have been largely based on differences in the level of recall of terminal list items as a function of input modality and on experiments in which various types of suffixes are added to unstructured auditory lists. Experiments with grouped lists reveal that PAS can make a far more extensive contribution to serial recall. A series of four experiments investigated grouping effects in relation to existing accounts of consolidation, attentional selection, and auditory masking in PAS. Grouping effects obtained with very brief intralist pauses were inconsistent with the consolidation and masking hypotheses. Contrary to the attentional hypothesis, nontemporal grouping by voice or by spatial location was found to be as effective as grouping by extended pauses. When nontemporal methods of grouping were combined with intralist pauses, the two sets of grouping cues were no better than one, suggesting that list segmentation by pauses and by item attributes must be explained in terms of a single process. These results are discussed in the context of previous research that implies the existence of an auditory store with a capacity greater than previously attributed to PAS. Existing data on modality and suffix effects are seen as specific instances of a more general relation between the structure of spoken sequences and their subsequent recall.

Attention↗