Biomedical subjects

Craig A Field

Publications and source records attributed to Craig A Field.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

The role of intimate partner violence, race, and ethnicity in help-seeking behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have multiple health and social service needs but many, especially Hispanic, women may not access these resources. This research sought to examine the relationship between IPV and health and social services utilization (help-seeking behaviors), with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities. DESIGN: Case-control study from an urban US emergency department population in which cases (women with IPV) and controls (women without IPV) were frequency matched by age group and race/ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between IPV and help-seeking behaviors and between help-seeking behaviors and race/ethnicity among abused women. In addition, a stratified analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between acculturation and help-seeking behaviors among Hispanic women. RESULTS: The sample included 182 cases and 147 controls. Among the health services, alcohol program, emergency department, and hospital utilization were significantly increased among IPV victims compared to non-victims after taking demographic and substance use factors into account. Similarly, IPV victims were more likely to access social/case worker services and housing assistance compared to non-victims. Specific help-seeking behaviors were significantly associated with race and ethnicity among IPV victims, with non-Hispanic white and black women more likely to use housing assistance and emergency department services and black women more likely to use police assistance compared to Hispanic women. Among all Hispanic women, low acculturation was associated with decreased utilization of social services overall and with any healthcare utilization, particularly among abused women. CONCLUSIONS: Social service and healthcare workers should be alerted to and screen for IPV among all clients. The need for increased outreach and accessibility of services for abused women in Hispanic communities in the USA should be addressed, with cultural and language relevance a key component of these efforts.

Battered Women↗

PubMed2005

Drinking, alcohol problems and the five-year recurrence and incidence of male to female and female to male partner violence.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the 5-year incidence and recurrence of male to female (MFPV) and female to male partner violence (FMPV) as well as their relationship with drinking and alcohol problems among intact couples in the United States. METHODS: A national sample of couples 18 years of age or older were interviewed in 1995 and again in 2000. RESULTS: Recurrence is slightly higher for FMPV (44%) than MFPV (39%), whereas incidence rates are similar for these two types of violence (MFPV, 5.7%; FMPV, 6%). Cross-tabulations show that a higher frequency of drinking five or more drinks on occasion is positively associated with the overall occurrence of MFPV and with both the recurrence and the overall occurrence of FMPV. Male alcohol problems are associated with a higher recurrence of MFPV and higher overall MFPV. Female alcohol problems are associated with incidence of FMPV. In multivariate analysis, black ethnicity, male unemployment, and severe physical abuse during childhood are associated with recurrence of MFPV. Black ethnicity, male unemployment, male employment status as "retired/other," female age, and couples in which the female drinks more are associated with recurrence of FMPV. Incidence of MFPV is associated with cohabitation, Hispanic ethnicity, and man's observation of violence between parents. Male unemployment, male observation of violence between parents, and man's drinking volume predict incidence of FMPV. CONCLUSIONS: Volume of drinking is the only alcohol indicator associated with intimate partner violence once the effects of other factors are controlled in multivariate analysis. Both MFPV and FMPV are areas of health disparity across whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Factors of risk that predict recurrence and incidence can be identified and used in prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: progress and future directions.

This article reviews survey research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in the U.S. general population. Results from survey research conducted over the past quarter century are briefly summarized. Three additional national studies related to injuries, crime victimization, and homicide among intimate partners in the United States are also considered. The article emphasizes the progress that has been made in general population survey research related to IPV. It concludes with a discussion of the current controversies and future directions for survey research of IPV in the U.S. general population.

Battered Women↗

PubMed2005

The 5-year course of intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States.

This article examines the 5-year incidence, prevalence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among White, Black, and Hispanic intact couples in the United States. A national multistage household probability sample of couples, age 18 years or older, was interviewed in 1995 with a response rate of 85%, and reinterviewed in 2000 with a response rate of 72%. Results indicate that the incidence and recurrence of IPV are higher for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites. Compared to Whites, Hispanics are 2.5 times more likely to initiate IPV between baseline and follow-up and Blacks are 3.7 times more likely to report IPV at baseline and follow-up. Couples reporting severe IPV in 1995 are more likely than others to report severe IPV at follow-up. The rate of recurrence for severe IPV among Black and Hispanic couples is 6 and 4 times higher, respectively, than the rate among Whites. The results suggest that Blacks and Hispanics may be more affected by IPV.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Is there a relationship between victim and partner alcohol use during an intimate partner violence event? Findings from an urban emergency department study of abused women.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify factors associated with drinking during an intimate partner violence (IPV) event among abused women presenting to an urban emergency department (ED). METHODS: We use a cross-sectional study of IPV cases among adult female patients seen at an urban ED. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify substance use factors associated with an abused woman drinking while victimized or perpetrating IPV. RESULTS: Among the 182 cases, an increased number of drinks per week, consuming five or more drinks per occasion, alcohol abuse and dependence, and illicit drug use were significantly associated with the abused woman's drinking while victimized or perpetrating IPV Partner's drinking five or more drinks per occasion was associated only with the woman's drinking while victimized. Partners were more likely to drink while perpetrating IPV in the relationship whether or not the woman drank while victimized. Among couples in which the abused woman also perpetrated violence, the partner's drinking more closely paralleled the woman's drinking in events perpetrated by the woman. Independent risk factors associated with the abused woman drinking during victimization included number of drinks she consumed per week (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR] = 1.31 for every five drinks) and her illicit drug use (adj. OR = 4.3). The odds of an abused woman drinking while perpetrating IPV increased 1.4 times for every five drinks she consumed per week. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that alcohol-related behavior by both couples and individuals are important factors to consider in the relationship between IPV and alcohol use in this population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The role of alcohol use and depression in intimate partner violence among black and Hispanic patients in an urban emergency department.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the role of alcohol use and depression in intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration among Blacks and Hispanics in an underserved urban emergency department population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed male and female patients presenting to an urban emergency department. The outcome measures were physical or sexual IPV victimization and perpetration in the previous 12 months. The independent predictors included demographic variables, alcohol and drug use, and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses calculated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration in separate models. RESULTS: The prevalence of IPV victimization among Blacks and Hispanics were similar (14% and 10%, respectively) but blacks were nearly twice as likely to report IPV perpetration (17% vs. 9%, respectively). Predictors of IPV perpetration were Black race, married or living with a partner, heavy drinking, illicit drug use, and current depression. Depression, but not substance use, also predicted IPV victimization, in addition to Black race, married or living with a partner, and younger age. Screening for substance abuse and depression in an inner city emergency department population may help to identify individuals at high risk of IPV, particularly IPV perpetration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Longitudinal model predicting mutual partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States general population.

This analysis determines the longitudinal predictors of male-to-female (MFPV) or female-to-male (FMPV) alone and mutual partner violence (MPV) among White, Black, and Hispanic couples. A national sample of couples 18 years of age or older was interviewed in 1995 and again in 2000. Participants constitute a multistage area probability sample representative of married and cohabiting couples from the 48 contiguous United States. Results indicate that most couples reporting violence engage in MPV. After controlling for other factors, Blacks are 3 times more likely to report MPV at follow-up and Hispanics are 9 times more likely to report MFPV. The results indicate that ethnic minorities are at greater risk of MPV. In addition, the predictors of partner violence vary depending on the type of partner violence. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing different types of partner violence and have important epidemiological and prevention implications.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States.

This article describes the rates and risk factors of unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV) among White, Black and Hispanic couples in the US. Subjects constitute a multistage area probability sample representative of married and cohabiting couples from the 48 contiguous United States. Results indicate that most couples reporting violence engage in bidirectional IPV. Blacks are more likely than Whites to report bidirectional IPV. In addition, severe unidirectional and bidirectional IPV are more common among Blacks and Hispanics. The results also indicate that predictors of IPV vary depending on whether it is unidirectional or bidirectional. Unidirectional female-to-male IPV and bidirectional IPV are more associated with the characteristics of the female. In contrast, the occurrence of unidirectional male-to-female IPV is associated with a single risk factor, male childhood physical abuse. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing different types of IPV and have important epidemiological and prevention implications.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and comorbid depressive symptoms among abused women referred from emergency department care.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as is comorbid depression. Comorbid depression may exacerbate PTSD severity and chronicity. This study sampled female IPV victims from an urban emergency department to assess the relationship between PTSD symptomatology in the previous 12 months and current depressive symptomatology and to evaluate independent predictors of PTSD symptomatology. Half of respondents had symptoms consistent with PTSD. Those with PTSD symptomatology had significantly higher mean total depression scores and mean scores on 3 of 4 depression subscales than those without PTSD. Depressive symptomatology, being married, sexual IPV, severity of physical IPV, and partner's consumption of 5 or more alcoholic drinks per occasion at least once a month independently predicted PTSD symptomatology. Our findings underscore the important roles these factors play in IPV-related PTSD and the need for prompt identification and intervention of those at risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Psychosocial and substance-use risk factors for intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE: Few emergency department (ED) studies have described the relationship between family violence and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) or accounted for partner alcohol use in IPV victimization. This study sought to identify family history and substance-use factors associated with IPV among women presenting to an urban emergency department. METHODS: Case-control study in which cases (women identified as having IPV concerns and an IPV history) and controls (women without IPV) were frequency-matched by age group and race/ethnicity. Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for any IPV, physical IPV, and sexual IPV. RESULTS: The sample included 182 cases and 147 controls. Living with a partner (not married) and witnessing parental violence were independent risk factors for any IPV (AOR 2.55 and AOR 2.21, respectively). Partner's alcohol use (AOR 1.22 for every five drinks consumed per week) and heavier drinking (AOR 5.07) were also significant risk factors, but not subject's substance-use. The pattern of risk factors varied only slightly for physical IPV and sexual IPV. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a substantial relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV among women beyond the woman's substance-use and confirms previous reports regarding the cycle of violence in women's lives.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Behavioral and psychological risk factors for traumatic injury.

The objectives of the present study were to determine the behavioral and psychological risk factors associated with injury. The most widely investigated risk factor for injury is alcohol use. However, other behavioral and psychological risk factors may also contribute to injuries. This study examined the association of alcohol use, injury-related risk behaviors, and psychological characteristics with injury status. A hospital-based case control study of 177 patients admitted for treatment of traumatic injury, and 195 general surgery patients as controls, was conducted. Alcohol use, injury-related risk behaviors, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and risk perception were assessed. The results from a multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity indicated that, in addition to alcohol consumption (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1-4.5), driving (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.7-3.5) and violence-related risk behaviors (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0-2.2) are significantly associated with injury. In conclusion, the engagement in injury-related risk behaviors, including alcohol use, is strongly associated with injury status. Brief interventions that directly address these behavioral risk patterns in injured patients may reduce their risk of future injury.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Violence-related injury and intimate partner violence in an urban emergency department.

BACKGROUND: To facilitate the identification of ED patients at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), we assessed the relationship of acute violence-related injury and history of IPV victimization or perpetration. METHODS: : This cross-sectional study systematically sampled patients presenting to an urban ED. Reason for visit, past year history of IPV victimization and perpetration, alcohol and drug use and abuse, and sociodemographic factors were assessed. We hypothesized that violence-related injury would be positively associated with a history of IPV victimization and with IPV perpetration. RESULTS: The odds of violence-related injury was increased three-fold among persons with a history of IPV victimization and nearly two-fold (although not statistically significant) among those with IPV perpetration history. Male gender, younger age, and problem drinking were independent risk factors in both models. CONCLUSION: Screening for IPV among individuals presenting with a violence-related injury may be helpful in identifying individuals at risk of partner violence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Ethnic differences in intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: the role of alcohol use and socioeconomic status.

This article reviews cross-sectional and longitudinal research on ethnic differences related to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the U.S. general population and the role of alcohol use and socioeconomic characteristics. Evidence indicates that significant ethnic differences exist in the prevalence of IPV. Although ethnic minorities report higher rates of IPV, differences in crude rates are reduced after controlling for socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol use. However, Black couples appear to be at greater risk of IPV than their White or Hispanic counterparts even after controlling for such risk factors. Overall, socioeconomic characteristics,demographic characteristics, and alcohol use appear to play important roles in the occurrence of IPV. These findings suggests that IPV continues to be a significant public health problem and represents an area of health disparity for ethnic minorities.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2003

Longitudinal model predicting partner violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States.

BACKGROUND: A limited amount of information pertaining to ethnic-specific risk factors associated with intimate partner violence across time currently exists. The current study examines ethnic-specific longitudinal predictors of male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence (MFPV and FMPV) in white, black, and Hispanic couples in the U.S. general population. METHODS: In 1995, a total of 1635 married or cohabitating couples 18 years of age or older living in households in the 48 contiguous states participated in a national survey that used a multistage probability sampling procedure with 100 primary sampling units and included oversamples of blacks and Hispanics. In 2000, the follow-up survey had an overall response rate of 72% and included 406 white, 232 black, and 387 Hispanic intact couples.Ethnic-specific regression models predicting MFPV and FMPV at follow-up were developed. The risk factors of interest included male and female reports of history of childhood abuse, exposure to parental violence, impulsivity, alcohol problems, frequency of drinking five or more drinks per occasion, volume of alcohol consumed per week in average standard drinks, approval of marital aggression and male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence at baseline. MFPV and FMPV in 1995 and 2000 were based on the Conflict Tactics Scale Form R. RESULTS: Black and Hispanic couples were at approximately three times greater risk of MFPV and two times greater risk of FMPV at follow-up in comparison to white couples even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption, and psychosocial variables. Extreme specific models indicated that among blacks, MFPV was a significant predictor of MFPV and FMPV at follow-up. In contrast, among Hispanics, FMPV was a significant predictor of FMPV and MFPV at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic-specific multivariate logistic regression models indicated that the predictors of MFPV and FMPV including psychosocial variables, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems varied by ethnicity. These findings contribute to our continually growing knowledge base regarding ethnic differences associated with the development of intimate partner violence and have important implications for prevention and intervention.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Developing community coalitions.

Remember it is an iterative process that is dynamic and constantly improving. Nurses know what the issues are in our communities because we see it on a daily basis. You have the knowledge and expertise to be proactive leaders in your neighborhoods and communities. The ability to mobilize a group and move towards a desired outcome is a challenging and rewarding experience. To use an old but true adage, the best treatment for trauma is not in the resuscitation bay, not in the operating room, the best treatment is in our own communities and neighborhoods.

Community Health Planning↗