PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D A Calsyn

Publications and source records attributed to D A Calsyn.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Exploration of the relationship between frequency of illness, attrition from alcohol treatment, neuropsychological status and field dependence.

One hundred thirty-nine male veterans receiving treatment for alcoholism were administered the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), neuropsychological tests comprising the Brain Age Quotient (BAQ) and the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Patients endorsing items on scale J (frequency of illness) of the CMI comprised a frequently ill group (27%) with the remaining patients comprising an infrequently ill group (73%). The frequently ill group patients were more likely to drop out of treatment, obtain lower BAQ scores and appear more field-dependent on the GEFT. Treatment attrition of frequently ill patients might be less if their individualized treatment plan involved greater structure consistent with their field dependent orientation and impaired neuropsychological status.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

MMPI correlates of the degree of generalized impairment based on the Halstead-Reitan Battery.

The relationship between personality, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and neuropsychological status as measured by subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Battery was explored for 63 male veterans. Multiple regression analysis indicates only Ego Strength and Masculinity-Femininity contributed significantly to the regression equation. Results suggest less cognitive impairment is correlated with greater emotional stability. The amount of variance accounted for is small, however, indicating limited clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Differential drinking patterns, personality characteristics, and field articulation of court-referred and non-court-referred male alcoholics in treatment.

Male alcoholics in an inpatient rehabilitation program were selected to investigate differential characteristics of court-referred patients on measures of personality, drinking style, demograhics, and cognitive style. Seventy-eight males were separated into two groups based upon the demographic dimension of whether or not the patient was in treatment primarily as a result of legal pressures imposed due to alcohol-related motor vehicle violation (N = 23) or in treatment for a variety of personal/nonlegal reasons (N = 57). All subjects were administered the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI), and the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). There were no differences found on any of the personality or demographic measures. There were significant differences between the legal and nonlegal groups on 11 of the 20 AUI scales. The legal group tended to be more field dependent than the nonlegal group as measured by the GEFT. The legal group does not appear to suffer as severely from the effects of alcohol as does the nonlegal group and may be in an earlier stage of problem drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cognitive style, personality traits, and treatment attrition among alcoholics.

The relationships among cognitive style, personality characteristics, and treatment attrition were examined. The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ(, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 78 inpatient alcoholic male veterans. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the GEFT and CAQ shared 24% common variance; second-order CAQ factors of Depression, Independence, and Extraversion contributed significantly. The GEFT and MMPI shared 16% common variance. Field-independent alcoholics demonstrate less psychopathology, more independence, and tend to be more introverted than field-dependent alcoholics. Cognitive style did not differ among four treatment attrition groups. Implications for treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Vocational adjustment and survival on chronic hemodialysis.

The survival of 71 patients on chronic dialysis correlated positively with vocational rehabilitation. Employed patients (n = 47) survived longer (p less than 0.001) than unemployed (n = 24). Within the employed group, parttime workers (n = 23) lived longer (p less than 0.01) than fulltime workers (n = 24). Although patients on chronic dialysis appear to live longer if employed, fulltime employment may be excessively stressful in a patient population whose treatment makes large demands on the patient's time.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Differential alcohol use patterns and personality traits among three Alcoholics Anonymous attendance level groups: further considerations of the affiliation profile.

The present study was designed to identify personality and drinking behavior correlates associated with membership in Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.). Affiliation profiles were developed on the basis of frequency of A.A. attendance; subtypes were defined as non, low, and high affiliates, respectively. An initial canonical correlation analysis assessed the amount of common variance between personality and drinking characteristics. Subsequent discriminant function analyses on the second-order scales of the drinking and personality variables sets identified those variables differentiating the A.A. affiliated groups. High levels of affiliation were associated with a greater degree of anxiety, a tendency to be more affected by feelings rather than intellect, and more deterioration in the physical, exhibited significant differences in perceived benefits, style, and consequences of alcohol usage. The potential therapeutic utility of A.A. affiliation profiles was discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1980

The Group Embedded Figures Test: a measure of cognitive style or cognitive impairment.

The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) purports to be a measure of field articulation. The extent to which the GEFT measures apsects of personality and cognitive impairment was explored. Eighty-one male alcoholics, mean age of 42.9, receiving treatment for alcoholism at the Seattle VA Medical Center were administered the GEFT, Shipley Hartford Institute of Living Scale, the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ). Multiple regression analysis indicates that Part B of the TMT and the residual abstraction score from the Shipley share 32% of the common variance with GEFT. The CAQ second-order factors of depression and independence also contributed significantly to the regression equation accounting for an additional 10% of the common variance. The results suggest the GEFT may be more a measure of cognitive impairment than personality. Alternative explanations are explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the utility of two abbreviated forms of the MMPI for psychiatric screening of the elderly.

Assessed the utility of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) and MMPI-168 for use with the elderly. FAM and MMPI-168 items were extracted from the MMPIs of 24 older male veteran medical or alcoholic patients. The results indicate that both abbreviated forms are highly correlated with and yield similar diagnostic inferences to the standard MMPI. For this sample population, the FAM was significantly (p less than .001) more in accordance with the standard MMPI than the MMPI-168.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Abbreviating the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery.

Describes a brief and relatively data-rich abbreviated form of the Reitan. By employing the Trail Making Test, the Aphasia Screening Test, and Block Design and Digit Symbol from the WAIS, one can predict the presence and severity of organic impairment and comment on lateralization and localization. Findings are cross-validated.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Personality organization as an aspect of back pain in a medical setting.

The MMPI profiles of 74 low back pain patients who had previously been classified as "functional,""organic," or "mixed" were sorted into six profile groups. The six profile groups were those used by Pichot, Perse, Lekous, Dureau, Perez, and Rychewaert (1972); denial, "conversion V" without defensiveness, "conversion V" with defensiveness, depressed/anxious, psychotic and normal. Results indicate that all six profile types are well represented in the low back pain group. Evidence is also presented which shows that each of the pathological MMPI profile types examined across "functional," "organic," and "mixed" classification is significantly more elevated than a normal profile group on two scales (Lb, DOR) designed to measure functional aspects of pain. Pathological MMPI profile groups did not differ significantly from each other on the "functional" pain scales. The data presented in this study point to the relationship of various forms of psychopathology with "functional pain." The findings of this study would not support a homogeneous "pain personality" for low back pain patients. However, combined "conversion V" profiles accounted for 58% of the "functional" group, 45% of the "mixed" group and 35% of the "organic" group.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Application of the somatization factor of the MMPI-168 with low back pain patients.

The usefulness of the Somatization factor of the MMPI-168 with low back pain patients was examined in two separate studies. In study 1, 58 male veteran low back pain patients who had been divided into organic and mixed groups served as Ss. MMPI protocols were rescored for the five factors of Overall, Hunter, and Butcher (1973). The organic and mixed groups differed only on the Somatization factor. A cutting score of raw greater than or equal to 8 (T = 75) was determined to classify the sample correctly 74.5% of the time. In study 2, a second sample of 48 male veteran low back pain patients was divided into mixed, organic, and functional groups. The mixed group was subdivided further into a mixed-pain group who still were having pain and were seeking treatment and a mixed-relief group who were experiencing a reduction of pain and were returning to vocational activities. The functional and mixed-pain groups differed from the organic and mixed-relief groups on the Somatization and Depression factors. The cutting score determined in the study 1 correctly classified patients 83% of the time.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Psychological correlates of survival on renal dialysis.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was administered to 47 male patients on the Renal Dialysis Unit at the Seattle VA Hospital. The patients were divided into three survival groups for comparison. Group A died within 1 year of initiating dialysis. Group B had been alive on dialysis between 3 and 7 years, while group C had been alive between 7 and 10 years at the time of data analysis. Group A differed significantly from group B on the Hs, D, and Hy scales, and from group C on the F, Hs, D, and Pt scales. Interpretation of the mean MMPI profiles implies that persons in group A are characterized by feelings of helplessness, high levels of depression, anxiety, and preoccupation with somatic difficulties, whereas those in groups B and C tended to be dependent, have mild levels of depression, and have a sense of hopefulness about the future. The authors suggest that psychiatric intervention might increase the longevity of those patients judged to be moderately to severely depressed with somatic preoccupations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Predicting alcohol treatment program drop-outs.

The feasibility of using psychological tests to predict patient drop-outs from an alcohol treatment program was studied. Eighty-four alcoholic male veterans being treated in an inpatient program were administrered the Rotter Locus of Control scale (I-E) and the MMPI-168 at the beginning of the treatment. Those patients who completed an 8 week inpatient program and a one year outpatient program were compared to those patients who completed the inpatient phase, but dropped out during the outpatient phase on the five MMPI-168 factors and the total I-E score. The two groups differed significantly only on the I-E. The data was also subjected to a discriminant analysis to generate a prediction equation. The prediction equation correctly classified 82% of the drop-outs.

Adult↗