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Biomedical subjects

D A Cooke

Publications and source records attributed to D A Cooke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Is the hot appendix really hot?

The skin temperature in the right and left iliac fossae was recorded in 100 patients who were referred with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis. This was not found to be a reliable aid in diagnosis of acute appendicitis nor an indicator to the need for surgery in patients with right iliac fossa pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Pancreatitis and palindromic arthropathy with effusions associated with sodium stibogluconate treatment in a renal transplant recipient.

We report the occurrence of two side effects, pancreatitis and palindromic arthropathy with effusions, associated with injections of sodium stibogluconate used in the treatment of kala-azar. No clear mechanism to account for the problems was identified despite extensive investigation. We suggest that when abdominal pain is experienced during treatment with antimonial drugs pancreatitis should be borne in mind as a possible cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy safe in patients with calcific arterial disease?

In an experimental model using calcified aortic and iliac vessels ex vivo it has been shown that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) does not produce radiologically detectable damage to the vessel wall using the treatment regimen required to destroy renal calculi in vivo. The wall of aneurysmal vessels differ in being both calcified and expanded, and whilst anecdotal evidence suggests that lithotripsy of these too may be safe, experimental evidence is not yet available.

Aortography↗
PubMed1987

The appearances of multiple biliary hamartomas of the liver (von Meyenberg complexes) on computed tomography.

Computed tomography is well established in the management of patients with malignant disease, both as a staging procedure before initiation of treatment and in follow up. The presence of unsuspected metastases may affect the decision to perform surgery on the primary tumour and may alter the management of suspected recurrent tumour. Two cases are presented of patients with primary carcinoma whose computed tomography images showed multiple focal hepatic lesions suggestive of metastases. However multiple biliary hamartomas were found on histology, in one case by biopsy and in the other at post mortem. The differential diagnosis and significance of multiple liver defects on computed tomography is considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic perfusion index and the evolution of liver metastases.

A total of 150 patients with primary carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract had first-pass technetium colloid scintigraphy to estimate the hepatic perfusion index (HPI). Postoperative follow-up over 2-4 years shows that the HPI remains a sensitive method of detecting hepatic metastases, even in patients whose liver appeared normal at laparotomy. HPI was elevated in 94% of patients with liver metastases found at laparotomy; 87% of patients with occult metastases which became overt within 3 years of surgery had elevated HPI; and 91% of all patients who have to date developed hepatic metastases had elevated HPI at presentation. Of all patients with elevated HPI, 82% had metastases which were either apparent at surgery or became detectable by other means within 3 years.

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

The supine pneumothorax.

The consequences of an undiagnosed pneumothorax can be life-threatening, particularly in patients with trauma to the head or multiple injury and in those requiring mechanical ventilation. Yet it is these patients, whose films will be assessed initially by the surgeon, who are more likely to have a chest X-ray taken in the supine position. The features of supine pneumothoraces are described and discussed together with radiological techniques used to confirm the diagnosis, including computed tomography (CT) which may be of particular importance in patients with associated cranial trauma.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1977

Time course adaptations in cardiac and skeletal muscle to different running programs.

The effects of chronic "steady-state" and high-speed interval running were investigated on time-course changes in certain biochemical properties of cardiac and skeletal muscle fiber types of rats. Nine weeks of the interval program resulted in significant increased (15%) in both cardiac enlargement and ATPase activity of myofibrils; whereas increases in these parameters were only transient and not significant at the termination of the program involving steady-state running. Neither program induced appreciable alterations in citrate synthase and phosphofructokinase activity in cardiac muscle. In fast-twitch white fibers, "steady-state" training induced only a transient 45% increase in citrate synthase activity in contrast to a progressive twofold change with interval training. Both programs resulted in similar increases (45-50%) in citrate synthase activity in fast-twitch and slow-twitch red fibers. However, the patterns of increase for both fiber types differed between the two programs. These findings suggest that training programs incorporating elements of both "steady-state" incline and high-speed interval running can potentially induce respiratory enzyme adaptations in the greatest spectrum of rodent skeletal muscle fibers in addition to inducing adaptations to enhance contractile potential in cardiac muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Effect of functional overload on enzyme levels in different types of skeletal muscle.

The effects of bilateral functional overload on enzyme changes in fast-twitch plantaris muscles were studied on different groups of rats: 1) normal-control; 2) normal-exercise; 3) overload-control; and 4) overload-exercise. Overload was accomplished by surgical elimination of synergists. Exercising groups walked up a 65% grade, 3 m/min, 2 h/day. Peak muscle enlargement of the overload groups was reached after 5 wk. Citrate synthase, phosphofructokinase, and myofibril ATPase activities were consistantly depressed by approximately 30%, 40%, and 18%, respectively, in overload as compared to normal groups. Daily exercise prevented the decrease in only citrate synthase activity. Unilateral overload of medial gastrocnemius muscle indicated that both fast-twitch oxidative-glycogenolytic and fast-twitch glycogenolytic fiber types undergo enzyme changes in response to the functional stress. However, changes in the former were in closer agreement with the net changes seen in the plantaris than the latter. Soleus muscle responded to overload primarily with marked reductions in respiratory capacity. These findings suggest that certain enzyme systems are altered with functional overload in different fiber types. However, the alterations in certain enzyme systems may, in part, be independent of the process of hypertrophy.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Glycogen, lactate, and alanine changes in muscle fiber types during graded exercise.

The effect of different speeds of incline running (16-48 m/min) on changes in glycogen, lactate, and alanine concentrations in different skeletal muscle fiber types and in blood were investigated in nontrained adult female rats during 5-min bouts of exercise. Glycogen depletion occurred extensively (25-86%) in fast-oxidative-glycogenolytic (FOG) and in slow-oxidative (SO) fibers over the range of speeds studied, whereas it occurred primarily (76%) at 48 m/min in the fast-glycogenolytic (FG) fiber type. No marked increases in lactate over resting control levels occurred in the FOG fibers. However, compared to resting levels, lactate increased over fourfold in FG muscle during running at 48 m/min and blood lactate concentrations paralleled these changes. No changes occurred in alanine concentration in FOG muscle and in blood under these experimental conditions, whereas there were approximately 70% increases in FG and SO fibers during moderate-to-heavy exercise. These findings suggest that elevations in blood lactate of rodents primarily result from lactate production in the FG fiber type.

Alanine↗