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Biomedical subjects

D A Crabtree

Publications and source records attributed to D A Crabtree.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Analysis of strength and endurance in fast twitch skeletal muscle after an acute in vitro exposure to an anabolic steroid.

Forty extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from adult rats were used in an in vitro experiment to determine the effects of an anabolic steroid on strength and endurance. Experimental muscles, exposed to a 1 x 10(-3) M testosterone propionate, were compared in strength and endurance to control muscles. Multivariate repeated measures analyses of variance and covariance, and univariate pooled variance t-tests showed the control muscles to be significantly (alpha less than or equal to 0.025) stronger and more durable than the steroid exposed muscles. The results failed to support the notion that steroids enhance contractile strength and endurance in skeletal muscle. It is speculated that steroids may block important mechanisms of muscle contraction, resulting in a decrease in force production.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Differences in the technical and applied nutrition knowledge of older adults.

Although elder adults are much more knowledgeable about nutrition than ever before, diet behavior is not consistent with nutrition knowledge. One of the reasons for this inconsistency may be that the ability to apply technical nutrition knowledge is still inadequate. To test the hypothesis that technical nutrition knowledge is superior to applied nutrition knowledge, 96 volunteer seniors were given technical nutrition knowledge tests associated with heart disease, cancer, and high blood pressure. After the technical knowledge tests, subjects were asked to choose from among pairs the item that contained: (a) cholesterol, (b) more saturated fat, (c) more polyunsaturated fat, (d) substances that help to lower blood cholesterol, (e) more fiber, and (f) less sodium. Results support the notion that, in general, elder ability to apply nutrition knowledge is not as adequate as their technical nutrition knowledge.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Difference in rural and urban mortality: implications for health education and promotion.

Rural health care delivery is often inferior to that of urban areas. Although health services do not have to be identical in the two settings, quality services appropriate for the needs of rural communities are imperative. Moreover, health education and promotion should be seen as an immediate and viable strategy for (a) reducing risk factors and health care needs, and (b) increasing the cost effectiveness of existing services. The appropriateness and prioritization of health care services and health education/promotion can only be realized if health professionals are aware of rural versus urban needs. To facilitate our knowledge of such differences, the mortality rates of the 10 leading causes of death were compared for each county in Ohio and differences between rural and urban mortality were analyzed. Counties were categorized according to "density" (persons per square mile) and "percent urban" (percent of county area classified as urban). The analysis demonstrated that there were no significant differences between rural and urban counties in mortality due to cancer, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and suicide. Mortality related to cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, accidents, and influenza/pneumonia was significantly higher in rural counties, while deaths due to chronic liver disease were significantly greater in urban counties.

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Guidelines for measuring reaction time.

Although reaction time is one of the most common measures of neurological function, protocols often do not take into consideration many of the extraneous factors that may invalidate such assessments. This paper discusses several issues related to matters of instrumentation, subject control, design of assessment, and interpretation. Twenty recommendations are provided as a guideline for those who assess reaction time of clients or patients. While these suggestions are not proposed as definitive or complete, the points should serve as a guide to young researchers as well as a checklist for more seasoned experimenters.

Arousal↗
PubMed1988

Reconsideration of measurement of error in human motor learning.

Human motor learning is often measured by error scores. The convention of using mean absolute error, mean constant error, and variable error shows lack of desirable parsimony and interpretability. This paper provides the background of error measurement and states criticisms of conventional methodology. A parsimonious model of error analysis is provided, along with operationalized interpretations and implications for motor learning. Teaching, interpreting, and using error scores in research may be simplified and facilitated with the model.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Transfer of sensory-integration training.

96 university students participated in one of six treatments to assess whether training to make cross-modal or intramodal matches of one linear-movement distance would transfer to other distances. Three groups received unimodal training (vision, audition, or kinesthesis) and three groups received multimodal training (all combinations of vision, audition, and kinesthesis) to make kinesthetic matches of one common linear-movement distance. All subjects were subsequently tested on kinesthetic matches of novel distances both shorter and longer than the training distance. A multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni contrasts indicated that cross-modal matching was enhanced by multimodal experience but only for distances shorter than the training distance. It was speculated that transferring to distances shorter than a training distance might involve processes different from those used to transfer to distances longer than the training distance.

Adolescent↗