Case profile: retroperitoneal fibrosis.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D A Culp.
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Seven surgical treatments for the management of prostatic cancer are briefly reviewed. A transurethral prostatic resection is of value, not only for the relief of bladder outlet obstruction, but also in the definitive management of Stage A lesions. The long-term survival for patients with Stage C disease treated by radical prostatectomy plus interstitial irradiation demonstrates the efficacy of this mode of therapy. Pelvic lymphadenectomy has yielded valuable information on the stage of the disease; long-term survival was related to the presence of lymph node metastases. Lymphadenectomy may have contributed to the 5-year survival rate of those with regional lymph node involvement, but there is no direct evidence to support this view. The early results in patients treated by cryosurgery indicate that this mode of therapy can be very effective in the ablation of the local lesion and may very well have a useful place in the surgical armamentarium for the management of prostatic cancer.
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A patient with Stage B adenocarcinoma of prostate treated with radical prostatectomy and interstitial radioactive gold presented ten years later with liver metastases without evidence of local recurrence. This patient was treated only with massive doses of intravenous diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, with regression of metastases and marked decline of the acid and alkaline phosphatase levels.
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The low incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma prevents any one person or institution from presenting any meaningful data in the form of effective treatment based on clinical experience. We realize that this is an antidotal case but the stakes are high when treating any malignancy of the young. Therefore, we advocate early and aggressive therapy using all modalities of treatments, and cite this case which initially seemed hopeless but to date has all the hallmarks of a cure.
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At the present time the medical management of prostatic hyperplasia remains primarily in the investigative stage. Various prostatic inhibitory substances, primarily hormonal in nature, have been studied in animals and humans. The work of Scott with cyproterone acetate in a group of 13 patients with nodular hyperplasia demonstrated improvement of the obstructive symptoms in 11 patients, an increased flow rate in 9, reduction of residual urine in 8, decrease in prostatic size in 7, and epithelial histologic changes in 8. Nevertheless in spite of these and other encouraging preliminry results, the principal therapy for genign prostatic hyperplasia is surgical relief of bladder neck obstruction by prostatectomy which has a mortality rate of less than one per cent. The effects of medical therapy remain uncertain and are employed primarily in patients who are poor surgical risks.
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