Biomedical subjects

D A Filippa

Publications and source records attributed to D A Filippa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Sarcoidosis following chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

A case report describing persistent paratracheal lymphadenopathy after doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastin, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy for a patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD) is presented. Mediastinoscopy and biopsy of the paratracheal lymph nodes showed non-caseating granulomas characteristic of sarcoidosis. The authors discuss the relationship between sarcoidosis and HD and hypothesize that the development or progression of sarcoidosis in a patient with HD is a potential consequence of chemotherapy. Two possible mechanisms are proposed. The first includes the immunosuppressive effect of chemotherapy and the second implicates the influence of a specific chemotherapy agent, bleomycin, which is known to have relatively higher lymph node, skin and lung tissue concentrations than other agents included in the ABVD regimen, and a predilection for those tissues that are prone for the development of sarcoidosis. With the incidence of sarcoidosis exceeding that of HD for the general population, the authors emphasize the importance of considering the presence of sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients who do not respond radiographically to HD chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma-associated t(2;5) translocation in Hodgkin's disease.

Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 ALCL) appear pathologically and immunohistochemically related, and a common histogenesis has been postulated in at least some cases. The breakpoints of the t(2;5) (p23;q35) [corrected] translocation, which is reported in about 40% of Ki-1 ALCL, have recently been cloned. They involve a novel tyrosine kinase gene, ALK, at 2p23 and the nucleophosmin gene, NPM, at 5q35. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using NPM and ALK primers consistently detects a fusion product in Ki-1 ALCL cases with the translocation. To determine if this tumor-specific genetic alteration also occurs in HD, we performed NPM-ALK RT-PCR on RNA samples extracted from 40 lymph node biopsies of HD (25 nodular sclerosis, 11 mixed cellularity, 2 lymphocyte depleted, 2 lymphocyte predominant). Using control samples, the sensitivity of the NPM-ALK RT-PCR assay was shown to be at least 1:10(4). Amplifiable template was confirmed in all samples by RT-PCR using beta-actin primers. None of the 40 cases showed the expected 177-bp RT-PCR product indicative of the translocation. We conclude that the most common primary genetic alteration in Ki-1 ALCL, the t(2;5), is absent or very infrequent in typical cases of HD. These results further support the concept that HD and Ki-1 ALCL are pathogenetically distinct entities.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1993

6q deletions define distinct clinico-pathologic subsets of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Commonly observed in lymphoid neoplasms, deletions of 6q have been correlated with histologic and clinical subsets of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Our recent analysis of loss of heterozygosity of 6q loci in NHL showed two regions of minimal molecular deletion (RMD), an RMD1 at 6q25-27 and an RMD2 at 6q21-23. To establish correlations between these RMDs and regions of minimal cytogenetic deletions (RCDs) on 6q, and to define associations between RCDs and clinico-pathologic features, we have analyzed chromosome 6 abnormalities in 459 consecutively ascertained, karyotypically abnormal cases of NHL. Among these, 126 (27.5%) cases had structural abnormalities of chromosome 6, of which 94 were deletions. Analysis of these deletions identified three RCDs. An RCD1 encompassing 6q25-27 was seen in 45 intermediate-grade NHL. An RCD2 at 6q21 was observed in 11 high-grade NHL, 9 of which were of the immunoblastic subtype. An RCD3 at 6q23 was noted in 18 low-grade NHL lacking a t(14;18) translocation. Of these 18 cases, 12 were small lymphocytic NHL and, in 2 of these, del(6q) was the sole karyotypic abnormality. In 20 cases of low-grade NHL with t(14;18), the deletions spanned both RCD1 and RCD3. These data suggested the presence of at least 3 tumor suppressor genes on 6q within RCD1, RCD2, and RCD3; they also showed associations between RCDs in 6q and subsets of NHL, including a specific association between a group of well-differentiated lymphoid neoplasms and RCD3. The apparent heterogeneity of breakpoints when all NHLs are considered together explains the inability of previous studies to reliably establish correlations between recurring 6q deletions and histologic and clinical features of NHL.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1993

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma regressing after zidovudine therapy.

BACKGROUND: Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue that has been reported to have antiviral and antineoplastic activity in vitro. METHODS: The case of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with zidovudine and no other treatment is presented. RESULTS: The patient achieved a prolonged partial remission of a pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma while receiving zidovudine alone. CONCLUSIONS: Zidovudine may have antitumor effects in AIDS-related lymphomas and should be evaluated for its antitumor potential.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Follicular lymphoma with t(8;14)(q24;q32): a distinct clinical and molecular subset of t(8;14)-bearing lymphomas.

The presence of the translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) has not been well described in follicular lymphoma (FL). In a consecutive series of 278 karyotypically abnormal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), six patients with FL showing a t(8;14) without a t(14;18)(q32;q21) were identified. They ranged in age from 45 to 73 years. The cell type was mixed in four patients, small-cleaved in one, and large-cleaved in one; four cases also contained diffuse areas. All cases tested displayed monoclonal surface Ig. The clinical courses were consistent with the histologic subtypes, being less aggressive than other t(8;14)-bearing NHL. In five cases, frozen tissue was available for Southern blotting. The BCL2 gene showed a germline configuration when studied with the MBR, MCR, and 5' cDNA probes. The MYC gene also appeared unrearranged using an exon-1 probe with EcoRI or HindIII digestion. Analysis of the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene with a JH region probe and BamHI or EcoRI digestion showed only one rearranged band in all cases, indicating that the 14q32 breakpoint did not lie in either the J or switch-mu (SM) regions. In four cases, the exon-1/intron-1 border of the MYC gene, a target area for point mutations in cases of t(8;14) that do not display rearrangements of the MYC gene, was enzymatically amplified and sequenced; no point mutations were identified. The indolent behavior of our six cases, and the finding that the molecular structure of the t(8;14) in these cases does not follow the pattern of breakpoint sites and point mutations defined in other histologic subtypes of NHL with this translocation, suggest that the t(8;14) in these cases is cytogenetically and molecularly distinct from the t(8;14) seen in high-grade NHLs, and is relatively ineffectual in terms of MYC deregulation, or that other genetic elements at these chromosomal sites may be involved. Further analysis of these tumors may provide insights into MYC deregulation and BCL2-independent FL.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Prognostic factors and outcome in patients 21 years and under with colorectal carcinoma.

This study aims to identify significant predictors of survival in pediatric and adolescent colorectal carcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with 29 histologically verified cases, of which 20 were resected for cure. Variables analyzed as predictors of survival included: (1) resectability, (2) regional nodal involvement, (3) depth of invasion, (4) grade, and (5) interval from symptom onset to diagnosis. Signet ring or anaplastic lesions were considered high grade. Survival curves were generated on both the overall group and those resected for cure. Multivariate analysis was performed on the overall group. The median age at diagnosis was 19 years (range, 10 to 21). Median follow-up in survivors was 4.7 years. Signet ring tumors occurred in 45% and another 24% were poorly differentiated. Seventy-six percent presented with regional lymph node metastases. The median survival for the overall group was 16 months, whereas that for those undergoing complete resection was 33 months. In patients undergoing resection for cure, grade (P = .005), regional nodal involvement (P = .007), and depth of invasion (P = .03) were significant predictors of outcome in univariate analysis. In the overall group these variables as well as resectability and distant metastases were significant in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis high-grade lesions and lymph node involvement were highly correlated, as were resectability and metastases. Thus, either variable (but not both) of each pair added information to the multivariate model. In patients resected for cure, positive nodes or high histological grade became the only significant predictors of survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Extraneural cysticercosis presenting as a tumor in a seronegative patient.

A case of cysticercosis involving only the sternocleidomastoid muscle of an otherwise-healthy pregnant woman is presented. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for cysticercosis was nonreactive. The clinical features of extraneural cysticercosis are reviewed with special attention to musculocutaneous involvement. The results of serological tests for such patients may not be positive and histopathology remains the only reliable method for confirming the diagnosis of cysticercosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Distinct patterns of chromosome abnormalities characterize childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We report here cytogenetic studies of a series of 23 childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), a group that has previously not been subjected to detailed cytogenetic analysis. Combining our results with data from 25 tumours in the published literature, we have performed the first cytogenetic analysis of a large series of childhood NHL. Our results show that the cytogenetic changes encountered in NHL of children are distinct and may be different from those seen in NHL of adults reflecting the previously recognized differences in histological presentation and clinical behaviour of the two entities. Thus, the most frequently occurring translocation in B-cell lesions in children was t(8;14)(q24;1q32). Other translocations frequently seen in adults such as t(14;18)(q32;q21),t(11;14)(q13;q32) and t(3;22)(q27;q11) were either rare or so far not seen in children, although reciprocal translocations appeared to be generally prevalent in childhood NHL. Combining our data with those in the published literature, we have identified two new recurring translocations [t(1;17)(p36;q21) and t(1;14)(p36;q22)], and a recurring duplication [dup(11)(q13;q23)] in this group of lymphomas. In addition, our literature survey identified a third recurring translocation [t(5;14)(q23;q32)] which was previously reported in two cases of childhood NHL. Our analysis also showed differences in the types of nonrandom translocations between childhood NHL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children suggesting that biologically these entities are different from one another. This study thus uncovers patterns of chromosome change associated with childhood lymphoma thus providing new opportunities for investigation of their clinical significance by correlation analysis and biological significance by molecular analysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Cytogenetic analysis of 434 consecutively ascertained specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical correlations.

Cytogenetic and histopathologic data were correlated with clinical parameters from 423 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Clinical correlations were performed on subgroups of 149 patients with low-grade lymphoma (LG) and 205 patients with diffuse lymphoma with a large cell component (DLLC). Correlations were made between clinical outcome and individual recurring cytogenetic aberrations, each of which was noted in greater than 5% of cases belonging to LG NHL and DLLC, and derived measures of karyotypic complexity, comprising modal chromosome number, number of marker chromosomes, and number of translocation breakpoints. No correlations with survival were noted in LG NHL, although median follow-up was only 2 years. Seven patients with t(8;14) LG NHL had an indolent course. Among 104 patients with DLLC and abnormal karyotypes at diagnosis, breaks at 1q21-23 or more than 4 marker chromosomes was associated with a shortened median survival. Using these variables we constructed a proportional hazards model with a good fit to observed data. Breaks at 6q21-25 predicted a decreased probability of achieving remission. Patients with DLLC and breaks at 1q21-23 or 1p32-36 had a shorter duration of complete remission. Of 41 DLLC studied at relapse, the only long-term survivors had t(14;18).

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

MYC rearrangement and translocations involving band 8q24 in diffuse large cell lymphomas.

The configuration of the MYC gene in diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) with translocations involving band 8q24 [t(8q24)] has not been systematically studied. We collected cytogenetic and clinical data on 171 consecutive cases of DLCL, including cleaved, noncleaved, and immunoblastic types, of which 96 had DNA available and 124 had abnormal karyotypes. The cases with DNA available were evaluated for MYC rearrangement (MYC-R) by Southern hybridization of EcoRI-digested tumor DNA using an exon-1 probe, a combination of probe and enzyme known to detect over 85% of breaks in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma. In cases studied at diagnosis, MYC-R, t(8;14)(q24;q32), or other t(8q24) were not prognostically significant. Among the 124 cases with karyotypic abnormalities, seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus was significantly more common in cases with a t(8q24) (72%) than in cases without it (9%) (P less than .05). Of the four cases with an MYC -R, two had a t(8;14), one had a t(7;8;14)(p15;q24;q32), and one had a t(8;?)(q24;?) and a del(8)(q24). In the three previous cases with translocations involving 8q24 and 14q32, comigration of the rearranged MYC band with either the J region or the switch-mu region of the Ig heavy chain gene could not be demonstrated, leaving the 14q32 breakpoint undefined at the molecular level. Among the remaining 72 cases where both an abnormal karyotype and molecular data were available, 11 had a t(8q24), either t(8;14) or t(8;22)(q24;q11), in the absence of an MYC-R. In these cases, the 8q24 break was presumably located outside of the EcoRI MYC fragment. All 15 cases with a t(8q24) were also screened for point mutations in the PvuII site in the first exon of MYC; two cases that were not MYC-R showed loss of this restriction site. These results indicate that in most DLCL with t(8;14) or other t(8q24), the 8q24 breakpoint lies away from the MYC gene; in a minority of these cases, point mutations in regulatory noncoding regions were detected.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Cytogenetic analysis of 434 consecutively ascertained specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlations between recurrent aberrations, histology, and exposure to cytotoxic treatment.

Cytogenetic abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) provide a model system for the analysis of the role of multiple genomic aberrations in human malignancy. In order to define correlations with histology, tumor evolution, and the effects of genotoxic exposure, cytogenetic analysis was performed on 434 specimens of NHL derived from 423 patients consecutively ascertained over a 5-year period (1984-1989). Six recurring translocations (RT) were observed: t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(3;22)(q27;11), t(2;5)(p23;q35), and t(1;6)(q21;q25). No translocation was specific to a single histologic subtype. Other structural chromosome abnormalities were analyzed according to break site; groups of related breaks were considered together for statistical analysis. Recurring other structural and numerical aberrations (ROA) encountered in greater than 10% of specimens included rearrangements with breaks at bands 1p32-36, 1q21-23, 6q21-25, and trisomies of chromosomes 7 and 12. ROA with one of these breaks or numerical abnormalities were the sole abnormalities in at least two cases. Correlations were observed among ROA and between ROA and histologic subtypes. Trisomy 7, breaks at 1q21-23, 1p32-36, 6q21-25, and 7q32 were associated with t(14;18); trisomy 18 was associated with trisomy 3; and structural abnormalities of chromosome 17 were associated with breaks at 1p32-36 and 6q21-25. Trisomy 7 and trisomy 12 were more frequent in t(14;18)-bearing intermediate to high grade tumors compared to low grade tumors. Trisomy 12 and breaks at band 1p22 were associated with large cell diffuse lymphomas. Incidence rates of reciprocal translocations, ROA, and measures of karyotypic complexity, including number of breakpoints and marker chromosomes were compared in pretreatment and posttreatment samples. Karyotypic complexity was greater in the posttreatment samples, reflecting an increased frequency of nonrecurring and low incidence aberrations. These results better define the association of genomic aberrations and tumorigenesis, histologic transformation, and tumor progression.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1991

Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in Hodgkin's disease.

Cytogenetic studies of Hodgkin's disease (HD), in contrast to those of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), have been limited to small numbers of cases with infrequently recurring aberrations, underscoring the need for additional studies in establishing a coherent cytogenetic picture of HD. Over a 6 1/2-year period, we received 95 specimens of HD for cytogenetic analysis. Analyzable chromosome preparations were obtained in 70 cases, of which 57 (81%) showed only normal metaphases. In the remaining 13 cases (19%), karyotypic abnormalities were observed that were nonclonal in 3 and clonal in 10. The latter 10 cases included 6 of the nodular sclerosis subtype, 3 mixed cellularity, and 1 lymphocyte-depleted; 8 of the specimens were obtained pretreatment and 2 posttreatment. Two of the cases had a clonal numerical aberration, monosomy 17 in one and trisomy 13 in the other, as their sole abnormality. The remaining 8 cases showed complex karyotypes with multiple structural rearrangements; in 3 of these, the abnormal clone was near-tetraploid. Bands involved more than once included 1p36, 1q21, and 4q35, each in 2 cases. Arms involved more than once included 6q (6q13,6q23), 9p (9p13,9p21), and 5q (5q15,5q35). Three patients had loss of part or all of 6q (del(6)(q13),del(6)(q23),i(6p). Bands 14q32 and 18q21 were not involved in any case, contrary to some previous reports. Our results confirm the frequent occurrence of 1p, 1q, and 6q abnormalities in HD. In addition, we have identified a 5q35 breakpoint, which has recently been shown to be highly specific for Ki-1-positive NHL in a case of typical nodular sclerosis HD. Its presence in HD may represent a cytogenetic link between the two entities, which are immunophenotypically related but clinically and histologically distinct.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1991

Small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma (undifferentiated lymphoma, Burkitt's type) in American adults: results with treatment designed for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE: Small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma (SNCL) "Burkitt's type," a rapidly growing lymphoma, has been rare among adults in the United States, but has greatly increased in incidence with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. This report details the results of treatment of adult SNCL with a series of protocols originally designed for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1973 and May 1987, 29 adults with newly diagnosed SNCL were treated at Memorial Hospital with intensive chemotherapy originally designed for ALL: the cyclophosphamide L-2, L-10, L-17, and L-20 protocols. Nine patients had positive serologies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. One patient with all measurable disease resected was not evaluable for response. RESULTS: Sixteen of 28 evaluable patients (57%) achieved a complete remission with treatment. With follow-up as long as 153 months (median, 47 months), 50% of all patients and 59% of patients with negative or unknown HIV serologies have survived and are probably cured. Patients with an initial serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) level of greater than 500 U/L had a significantly shortened survival as compared with those with a lower serum LDH. Other pretreatment patient characteristics associated with a shortened survival of borderline statistical significance were high National Cancer Institute stage (C, D) and bone marrow involvement. These results are similar to those for ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma and are comparable to those for American SNCL in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one half of adults with SNCL are curable with intensive chemotherapy. More intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic growth factor and/or autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell support may increase curability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Lymphomas in dogs. A morphologic, immunologic, and clinical study.

One hundred seventy-six canine lymphomas were classified morphologically using four of the major human lymphoma classification schemes (Rappaport, Lukes-Collins, Kiel, and the Working Formulation). All 176 dogs received the same chemotherapeutic protocol. Sixty-two of these lymphomas had their immunophenotypes established by examination of cell surface markers by automated cytofluorography. Several different morphologic types of canine lymphoma were identified and these were comparable to morphologic categories in human classification schemes. Follicular and low grade lymphomas were rare. The two most common morphologic types were diffuse large cell (centroblastic) and immunoblastic. The Kiel classification appeared to be the most useful human scheme for classifying the canine lymphomas. Cytofluorographic analysis was generally straightforward, and 60 of the 62 lymphomas were placed into one of three immunophenotypic categories: 27 pan-T(LQ1)+SIg+, 21 pan-T(LQ1)-SIg+, and 12 pan-T(LQ1)+SIg-. Two of the lymphomas could not be characterized immunologically because a pre-existing or reactive non-neoplastic population of lymphocytes made interpretation of single cell suspension analysis difficult. The authors identified correlations between morphology and survival and disease-free remission; dogs with high-grade tumors generally survived the longest and had the longest remissions. No correlations were identified between high concentrations of serum lactate dehydrogenase, age, sex, or stage of disease, and morphology, immunophenotype, remission, or survival times. A significant correlation between clinical illness and survival time was documented. The median age of the dogs was nine years, no significant effect of sex on prevalence was observed, and some breeds were significantly overrepresented. Significant morphologic-immunophenotypic correlations included shorter remission and survival times for T-cell tumors than B-cell tumors, and a highly significant correlation between the pan-T(LQ1)+SIg-"T cell" phenotype and hypercalcemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical, molecular, and cytogenetic analysis of a consecutive series of 20 peripheral T-cell lymphomas and lymphomas of uncertain lineage, including 12 Ki-1 positive lymphomas.

Although several independent series of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) have been subjected to cytogenetic studies or analyses of lineages by assaying for clonal immunophenotypes and clonal rearrangements affecting immunoglobulin (IG) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, no published reports exist of series of non-B-cell NHLs on which cytogenetic, immunohistochemical, and IG and TCR gene rearrangement studies have been undertaken together. Among 343 NHLs ascertained prospectively between January 1984 and December 1988 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 278 cases with clonal chromosome abnormalities were identified. Of the latter, 20 were non-B-cell NHLs, which in turn comprised 15 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) and 5 lymphomas of uncertain lineage (LULs). The LULs either were biogenotypic, had discordant immunophenotype and immunogenotype, or showed no evidence of B-cell, T-cell, or histiocytic derivation. Of the 15 PTCLs, eight expressed the Ki-1 antigen and four of these had translocations involving the band 5q35 [t(5q35)]. Of the five LULs, four expressed the Ki-1 antigen and one of these had a translocation involving band 5q35. Previous studies have associated t(5q35) with Ki-1 positive NHLs characterized histologically by a pleomorphic diffuse large cell morphology. In our series of 12 Ki-positive non-B-cell NHLs, five (42%) had a 5q35 translocation. They were histologically indistinguishable from the subset without the translocation. The frequent lineage uncertainty exhibited by Ki-1 positive NHLs of similar histology and cytogenetic abnormalities suggests their derivation from an early uncommitted lymphoid cells.

Antigens, Differentiation↗

PubMed1989

Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations are associated with sites of tissue involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In an effort to assess the utility of pretreatment cytogenetics as indicators of sites of involvement by lymphoma, clinical and cytogenetic correlations were performed on 133 consecutive specimens derived from 130 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations detected at the time of diagnosis were associated with sites of clinical involvement presenting initially or during the progression of the lymphoma. Statistically significant associations included translocation breaks involving the chromosomal region 1p32-36 and bone marrow involvement, chromosome 14 abnormalities including breaks at 14q22-24 and splenic involvement, chromosome 9 abnormalities and pulmonary involvement, and monosomy 11 and bone involvement. A significant correlation was also observed between breaks involving the region 6q22-24, detected during the course of disease, and bone marrow involvement by lymphoma. The relationship of the sites of nonrandom chromosomal breakage reported here to known cellular oncogenes and implications to concepts of tumor evolution and spread are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1989

Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of abnormal cells in Hodgkin's disease.

Eleven tumors from ten patients with Hodgkin's diseases (HD) were characterized by histologic, cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic studies. Cell surface markers for lymphocyte antigens did not show clonal excess. Five tumors showed the presence of karyotypically abnormal cells, but no common abnormalities were found. The remaining six tumors showed normal karyotypes. Ten tumors were analyzed for gene rearrangements with probes for IgJH, IgCk. IgC lambda, and TCR-beta genes. The IgJH probe detected a minor clonal population (about 5%) in one tumor with abnormal karyotype; three tumors with abnormal karyotypes showed germline genotype. In contrast, four of the six tumors with normal karyotypes showed rearrangements in IgJH (one tumor) and in C-lambda (three tumors) genes. The pattern of gene rearrangement observed in these tumors did not obey the hierarchy described in B-cell differentiation. These results suggest that B-cell lineage cannot be attributed unequivocally to the clonal populations in HD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

CT of primary lymphoma of the liver.

Primary lymphoma of the liver is a rare disease. In each of six cases, a large, often poorly defined mass of low attenuation was present within the liver. Four lesions originated in the right lobe and two originated in the left lobe. Satellite nodules were seen at presentation in one case and developed after presentation in two others. Other features, such as enhancement after contrast administration, necrosis, and calcification, were variable. Three of six lesions had areas of very low density, suggestive of necrosis. One mass had calcifications. After IV contrast administration, no enhancement occurred in three tumors, patchy enhancement occurred in two, and an enhancing ring was seen in the remaining tumor. The radiologic presentation of primary lymphoma of the liver differs from that of secondary involvement of the liver in systemic lymphoma. Whereas secondary lymphoma is often diffusely infiltrative and difficult to detect on CT, the lesions of primary lymphoma of the liver are easily identified on CT scans even before the administration of IV contrast material. Although rare, primary lymphoma of the liver should be included in the differential diagnosis of a large, hypodense liver mass on CT.

Adult↗