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Biomedical subjects

D A Gagliano

Publications and source records attributed to D A Gagliano.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Intraocular penetration of topical tissue plasminogen activator.

Fifty-eight eyes of 31 anesthetized rabbits received one drop of proparacaine hydrochloride, 0.05%, and two drops of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) separated by 5 minutes. Four eyes of two additional rabbits had epithelial defects created before drug delivery. Tissue plasminogen activator in multiple doses was given to eight eyes of four other rabbits. We used this dosing regimen to investigate the effect of topical tPA on anterior chamber fibrin clots in three rabbits. A two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to measure tPA levels in the aqueous samples, obtained by paracentesis in each eye. Of 53 eyes treated with the original dosing regimen, 21 (40%) had detectable tPA aqueous levels. Blood and aqueous from eyes of untreated control rabbits, contralateral control eyes of treated rabbits, and eyes with epithelial defects had nondetectable tPA. Multiple tPA drop dosing resulted in 75% of aqueous samples with detectable tPA and a higher average tPA concentration than the original dosing regimen. Eyes treated with tPA showed a significantly faster resolution of anterior chamber fibrin clots than did control eyes.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

A randomized clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation of sickle cell retinopathy. A long-term follow-up.

Long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in a randomized prospective trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation for proliferative sickle retinopathy has been completed. Of the 44 patients enrolled in Chicago, nearly a decade follow-up has been achieved on 29 patients (45 eyes). There were 20 control untreated eyes and 25 argon laser-treated eyes. Prolonged loss of visual acuity was rare in both groups. Argon laser photocoagulation has had a sustained effect on reducing the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage and visual loss from vitreous hemorrhage. Nine (45%) of 20 control eyes had vitreous hemorrhage, and it was recurrent in six (66%) of these nine eyes. A single episode was the only hemorrhagic event in the treated eyes. The laser-induced complications of choroidal neovascularization or retinal detachment were not associated with long-term visual sequelae. New sea fan evolution in 47% of study eyes suggests that these patients require long-term surveillance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intravitreal U75412E: a new free radical scavenger.

Free-radical-mediated tissue damage is thought to be involved in a multitude of ophthalmic pathologies. Therefore, drugs that scavenge free radicals may find wide clinical application. A new chemical class of antiinflammatory agents, the 21-aminosteroids, has been developed as free radical scavengers. These agents are thought to inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent the release of free arachidonic acid from injured cell membranes. In the present study, we investigated the intraocular toxicity of one of the 21-aminosteroids, U75412E. Intravitreal doses of up to 0.1 mg of U75412E were nontoxic to rabbit ocular tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Correlation of electroretinographic findings and peripheral retinal nonperfusion in patients with sickle cell retinopathy.

This study examined the relationship between the proportion of peripheral retinal nonperfusion and electroretinogram measures in one untreated eye of 44 patients with sickle cell retinopathy. The proportion of peripheral retinal nonperfusion was derived from fluorescein angiographic frames covering 180 degrees of the temporal periphery. The extent of peripheral retinal capillary nonperfusion was greater in patients with peripheral retinal neovascularization compared with those without neovascularization. Reductions in electroretinogram a- and b-wave amplitudes were found in patients with and without neovascularization. However, such reductions were of greater frequency and magnitude in patients with neovascularization. Electroretinogram abnormalities were restricted to reductions in amplitude; implicit times were generally normal. In terms of the variables of the b-wave luminance-response function, abnormalities were restricted to reductions in the amplitude variable Rmax; values of logK and n were generally within the normal range. Across all patients, there was a significant negative correlation between electroretinogram amplitude measures and capillary nonperfusion, indicating that the electroretinogram provides information about the functional consequences of peripheral capillary nonperfusion in sickle cell retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diabetic retinopathy in blacks.

Diabetic eye disease, particularly diabetic retinopathy, is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in people 20-74 yr of age in the United States. The prevalence and rate of diabetes in this age-group are higher in Blacks than in Whites. The rate of blindness from diabetic eye disease is also higher in Blacks than in Whites. Severe macular edema, the most frequent cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy, appears to be more common in Blacks. Risk factors for developing macular edema include poorly controlled hypertension, hyperglycemia, and duration of disease. The higher prevalence of hypertension in Blacks may contribute to the increased severity of diabetic retinopathy. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the influence of race on the severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms represent a distinct clinical entity. Macroaneurysms are seen in the elderly with a marked female predominance and a strong association with hypertension and arteriosclerotic vascular changes. The classic appearance provides an easy diagnosis; however, variable presentations, such as subretinal hemorrhage, macular exudate, and epiretinal membranes can make the diagnosis difficult. The differential diagnosis of retinal arterial macroaneurysms include retinal telangiectasia, angiomatosis retinae, venous macroaneurysms, background diabetic retinopathy, and cavernous hemangioma. The clinical characteristics of the reported cases are summarized, and our series of 60 patients is presented. The natural history of most macroaneurysms is spontaneous involution without loss of vision. However, visual loss may occur secondary to macular edema, exudate, hemorrhage and neurosensory retinal detachment, and photocoagulation may expedite visual recovery. Photocoagulation treatment may be applied directly to the macroaneurysm, indirectly by surrounding the macroaneurysm, or as a combination of these two methods.

Aneurysm↗