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Biomedical subjects

D A Gunn-Moore

Publications and source records attributed to D A Gunn-Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Oral glucosamine and the management of feline idiopathic cystitis.

Oral glucosamine was compared to a placebo for the management of cats with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, study. Forty cats with a history of recurrent cystitis due to FIC were divided into two groups and treated daily per os with either 125 mg N-acetyl glucosamine or a placebo for six months. Owners graded their cats' clinical signs at the beginning and end of the study, and kept daily diaries documenting signs of cystitis using visual analogue scales. Further episodes of cystitis were seen in 26 (65%) of the cats during the study. Affected cats experienced a mean of five recurrences (range 1-19) with each recurrence lasting a mean of four days (range 1-64 days). There were no significant differences between the two groups when considering the owners assessments of the mean health score (P>0.5), the average monthly clinical score (P=0.22) or the average number of days with clinical signs (P=0.28). Two cats suffered from such severe recurrent urethral obstruction that they were euthanased; they were both in the placebo group. Compared to the start of the study the majority of cats in both groups improved significantly (P<0.001) (mean health score of each group at the start was 0.5+/-SD 0.5, compared to glucosamine 4.4+/-0.7 and placebo 3.9+/-1.6 at the end). This is believed to have occurred because the owners of 36 of the 40 cats (90%) started feeding more canned cat food. The urine specific gravity at the start of the trial was significantly higher (mean 1.050+/-SD 1.007) than when reassessed one month later (1.036+/-1.010, P<0.01).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

A pilot study using synthetic feline facial pheromone for the management of feline idiopathic cystitis.

Synthetic feline facial pheromone (FFP) (Feliway; Ceva Animal Health) was assessed for the management of cats with recurrent feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). Nine of 12 cats completed the randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. They had their environment treated daily with either FFP or placebo for 2 months, after which time the treatment groups were reversed. Owners used visual analogue scales to define the severity of their cat's clinical signs and behavioural changes. Five (56%) of the owners stated that their cat's overall health was better when they were using FFP. Four (44%) of the owners noticed no difference between when using the FFP and when using the placebo. While there were no statistical differences between the two treatment groups there was a trend for the cats exposed to FFP to show fewer days with clinical signs of cystitis (FFP total, mean per cat+/-standard deviation, 30, 4.3+/-6.7; placebo 69, 9.9+/-19.1), a lower overall clinical score (1667, 238+/-476; 2009, 287+/-425), a reduced number of episodes of cystitis (9, 1.3+/-2.0; 10, 1.4+/-2.1) and reduced negative behavioural traits (e.g., less aggression and fear) (-128, -18.3+/-65.8; -73, -10.4+/-35.1).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

A study of environmental and behavioural factors that may be associated with feline idiopathic cystitis.

The cause of cystitis in many cats remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not any environmental or behavioural factors, particularly those that could be considered potentially stressful, were associated with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). The questionnaire-based study involved comparing 31 cats with FIC to 24 cats in the same households that did not have cystitis. They were also compared with a control population of 125 clinically healthy cats. Compared with the live-in controls and the control population, the cats with FIC were significantly more likely to be male, overweight and pedigree. Several stress factors were found to be associated with FIC. The factor that stood out most prominently was living with another cat with which there was conflict. The findings support the hypothesis that stress may be implicated in some cases of FIC.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

Opportunistic mycobacterial granuloma in a cat associated with a member of the Mycobacterium terrae complex.

An 18-month-old domestic short-haired neutered male cat presented with a nodular dermal thickening on a digit. Biopsy demonstrated pyogranulomatous inflammation with moderately frequent acid-fast bacilli. A member of theMycobacterium terrae complex was isolated. There was no evidence of systemic involvement. Treatment was initiated with enrofloxacin, rifampicin and clarithromycin. After 2 months there was no longer any clinically apparent dermal thickening. Treatment was continued for a further 3 months using enrofloxacin and rifampicin.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Protection against oronasal challenge with virulent feline leukaemia virus lasts for at least 12 months following a primary course of immunisation with Leukocell 2 vaccine.

The duration of immunity provided by a feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine, Leukocell 2, was determined. Kittens were vaccinated when 9 and 12 weeks of age and were challenged 12 months later with FeLV-A/Glasgow-1. An oronasal challenge protocol without corticosteroid enhancement was developed in order to induce a persistent viraemia in a high proportion of adult cats. Fourteen of 18 (80%) of the vaccinated cats challenged in this way remained non-viraemic while 9/15 (60%) of age-matched controls became persistently infected, a preventable fraction of 63%. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.038). For comparison, 10 of 12 (83%) 15-17-week-old kittens challenged in the same way became persistently infected, confirming the relative resistance of adult animals to FeLV. Tests for virus neutralising and anti-feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) antibodies suggested that the former were more important than the latter in protection. Thus, Leukocell 2 protected a significant proportion of cats from FeLV challenge 1 year after primary vaccination as kittens.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Successful treatment of uterine torsion in a cat with severe metabolic and haemostatic complications.

A peri-parturient fifteen-month-old female Maine Coon cat was presented with extreme weakness and depression, profound hypovolaemia and hypothermia. Severe hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia and anaemia were detected. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was suspected due to marked prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. Uterine torsion was diagnosed at exploratory laparotomy. The cat made a full recovery following ovariohysterectomy and intensive supportive therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in two sibling cats associated with multicentric lymphoblastic infiltration.

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with multicentric lymphoblastic infiltration is reported in two sibling cats. Both cats presented at under 16 months of age with clinical signs of acute anaemia. In each case there was autoagglutination, a positive Coombs' test and the anaemia was regenerative. At presentation, both cats were negative for FeLV antigen. In each case, the disease proved fatal within 2 months of the initial diagnosis. In both cases, T-lymphoblastic infiltration of bone marrow, liver and spleen was found at post-mortem examination.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1998

Natural Borna disease virus infection in cats in the United Kingdom.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a novel RNA virus that has only recently been characterised and classified in a new virus family, Bornaviridae. The virus was detected in buffy coat cells from four of five cats with neurological disease and in the brains of five of 15 cats with nervous signs and of one of three cats with non-neurological disease. In a serosurvey of 111 cats the incidence of antibody to BDV in cats with neurological disease was higher than in cats with other types of disease, suggesting that the virus may play a role in nervous diseases of cats in the UK.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Antibody and cytokine responses in kittens during the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).

Two recombinant FIPV spike proteins were assessed for their immunogenic properties in 8-week-old kittens, which were then challenged intranasally with FIPV 79-1146. Humoral responses were assessed by ELISA and serum neutralisation test. Changes in PBMC cytokine mRNA levels were detected by a reverse transcription, semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-sqPCR), assessing IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IFNgamma. All of the kittens developed clinical signs typical of FIP, which were confirmed on gross post mortem examination. The recombinant proteins induced little or no specific antibody response prior to challenge, and failed to alter the course of disease compared to controls. One week after virus challenge, the stimulated PBMCs showed small increases in the expression of IL-6 and IFNgamma mRNA, which correlated with a transient pyrexia. After this time expression of IL-6 mRNA remained unaltered but, as FIP developed, mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFNgamma became markedly depressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis.

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of the feline coronavirus (FCoV) genome and a co-cultivation method for the isolation of field strains of FCoV are described. Using the RT-PCR assay to assess blood samples from cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (n = 47) and healthy cats from households with endemic FCoV (n = 69) it was shown that approximately 80% of the cats were viraemic, irrespective of their health status. It was also shown that, over a 12-month period, a similar percentage of healthy cats remained viraemic, and that the presence of viraemia did not appear to predispose the cats to the development of FIP. The co-cultivation system proved to be a suitable method for the culture of field strains of FCoV from blood samples, so long as the cultures were maintained for at least 4 weeks. Using this system, followed by the RT-PCR, viraemia was detected as frequently as by RT-PCR on RNA extracted directly from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Transient hyperlipidaemia and anaemia in kittens.

Severe fasting hypertriglyceridaemia (5 to 126 mmol/litre) and anaemia (packed cell volume < 11 per cent) was observed in 12 litters of kittens around the time of weaning; the entire litter was usually affected, with significant mortality. Lipid analysis revealed marked increases in chylomicrons and moderate increases in very low density lipoproteins. Supportive measures for the treatment of anaemia and weaning on to a low fat diet resulted in rapid resolution of the clinical signs, anaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. On recovery, plasma was collected from kittens from five of the affected litters, plus a number of closely related cats and unrelated cats living in the same environment. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was mildly but significantly lower in the previously affected kittens, their parents and unaffected siblings, than in the unrelated cats. The cats had normal apolipoprotein C-II function, normal heparin binding activity and no evidence of a circulating inhibitor to LPL. They did not have the LPL gene mutation reported previously in LPL-deficient cats from New Zealand.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

Feline tuberculosis: a literature review and discussion of 19 cases caused by an unusual mycobacterial variant.

The literature relating to feline mycobacterial disease is reviewed and 19 cats with tuberculosis caused by a previously unknown strain of mycobacterium are discussed. The bacteria were found to have characteristics between those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis. The paper considers the clinical signs, epidemiology and diagnosis of the cases, and discusses the possible origins of the organism, treatment regimens and zoonotic potential.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Unusual metaphyseal disturbance in two kittens.

This report describes the presenting features, radiographic changes, biochemical alterations and clinical progress of two kittens, from separate litters, which were found to have a growth plate disturbance initially diagnosed and treated as vitamin D3-dependent rickets, but subsequently suspected to be a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Encephalitis associated with giant cells in a cat with naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus infection demonstrated by in situ hybridization.

This report describes the clinical, pathological, immunocytochemical, and in situ hybridization characteristics of encephalitis associated with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in a 4-year-old domestic cat. Lesions were identified throughout the brain, affecting the cerebrum, medulla, and cervical spinal cord. Perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, gliosis, and white matter vacuolation were most severe in the cerebrum, affecting the white matter and the deep laminae of the grey matter. Gemistocytes were prominent, and many bizarre cells with large, sometimes multinucleate, hyperchromatic nuclei were evident. Immunostaining with antibody specific for FIV p24 nucleocapsid protein produced staining in the gemistocytes and glial cells of the white matter. In situ hybridization with a 327-base pair fragment of the FIV gag gene produced staining that was most intense in the white matter and gemistocytes of the deep laminae of the grey matter. These findings indicated localization of FIV infection within the cerebrum, and the detection of FIV RNA by in situ hybridization confirms the infection as active.

Animals↗