Biomedical subjects

D A Head

Publications and source records attributed to D A Head.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Rheological chaos in a scalar shear-thickening model.

We study a simple scalar constitutive equation for a shear-thickening material at zero Reynolds number, in which the shear stress sigma is driven at a constant shear rate gamma; and relaxes by two parallel decay processes: a nonlinear decay at a nonmonotonic rate R(sigma(1)) and a linear decay at rate lambda sigma(2). Here sigma(1,2)(t)= tau(-1)(1,2) integral (t)(0)sigma(t')exp[-(t-t')/tau(1,2)]dt' are two retarded stresses. For suitable parameters, the steady state flow curve is monotonic but unstable; this arises when tau(2)>tau(1) and 0>R'(sigma)>-lambda so that monotonicity is restored only through the strongly retarded term (which might model a slow evolution of the material structure under stress). Within the unstable region we find a period-doubling sequence leading to chaos. Instability, but not chaos, persists even for the case tau(1)-->0. A similar generic mechanism might also arise in shear thinning systems and in some banded flows.

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PubMed2002

Universal persistence exponents in an extremally driven system.

The local persistence R(t), defined as the proportion of the system still in its initial state at time t, is measured for the Bak-Sneppen model. For one and two dimensions, it is found that the decay of R(t) depends on one of two classes of initial configuration. For a subcritical initial state, R(t) equivalent to t(-theta), where the persistence exponent theta can be expressed in terms of a known universal exponent. Hence theta is universal. Conversely, starting from a supercritical state, R(t) decays by the anomalous form 1-R(t) equivalent to t(tau(all)) until a finite time t(0), where tau(all) is also a known exponent. Finally, for the high dimensional model R(t) decays exponentially with a nonuniversal decay constant.

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PubMed2001

Jamming, hysteresis, and oscillation in scalar models for shear thickening.

We investigate shear thickening and jamming within the framework of a family of spatially homogeneous, scalar rheological models. These are based on the "soft glassy rheology" model of Sollich et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2020 (1997)], but with an effective temperature x that is a decreasing function of either the global stress sigma or the local strain l. For appropriate x=x(sigma), it is shown that the flow curves include a region of negative slope, around which the stress exhibits hysteresis under a cyclically varying imposed strain rate (.)gamma.A subclass of these x(sigma) have flow curves that touch the (.)gamma=0 axis for a finite range of stresses; imposing a stress from this range jams the system, in the sense that the strain gamma creeps only logarithmically with time t, gamma(t) approximately ln t. These same systems may produce a finite asymptotic yield stress under an imposed strain, in a manner that depends on the entire stress history of the sample, a phenomenon we refer to as history-dependent jamming. In contrast, when x=x(l) the flow curves are always monotonic, but we show that some x(l) generate an oscillatory strain response for a range of steady imposed stresses. Similar spontaneous oscillations are observed in a simplified model with fewer degrees of freedom. We discuss this result in relation to the temporal instabilities observed in rheological experiments and stick-slip behavior found in other contexts, and comment on the possible relationship with "delay differential equations" that are known to produce oscillations and chaos.

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