Effects of adenine nucleotides on renal metabolism.
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Adenine Nucleotides↗
Biomedical subjects
D A Hems
Publications and source records attributed to D A Hems.
Phosphate binding by cerebral microsomes in relation to adenosine-triphosphatase activity.
1. Microsomes prepared from guinea-pig and ox brain were incubated for periods of a few seconds with low concentrations of Mg-[(32)P]ATP, the reaction was stopped with trichloroacetic acid and determinations were made of the phosphate bound to the acid-washed, and in some cases solvent-extracted, residue. 2. At 20 mum-ATP, at 37 degrees and in the presence of Na(+) ions, 30-50 mumumoles of phosphate/mg. of microsomal protein were bound by the preparation within 1 sec. of starting the reaction; little further change in level occurred until hydrolysis of ATP exceeded 50%, when the bound phosphate began to decline fairly rapidly to the zero-time value. 3. At 20mum-ATP without Na(+) ions present or in the presence of K(+) ions, the level of bound phosphate increased gradually and did not decline as ATP hydrolysis approached completion. 4. Potassium ions either inhibited the formation of Na(+)-dependent bound phosphate or, when added during the course of the reaction, rapidly reduced its level. 5. At 200 mum-ATP the bound phosphate formed in the presence of Na(+) ions appeared to consist of a mixture of the unstable Na(+)-dependent type and the stable type requiring only Mg(2+) ions for its formation. 6. Non-radioactive ATP added during the course of the reaction at 20 mum-ATP with Na(+)ions present rapidly discharged virtually all the bound (32)P counts; at 200 mum-ATP only a proportion of the label was similarly discharged. The Na(+)-dependent bound phosphate is therefore turning over, in contrast with that formed in the absence of Na(+)ions, which proved more stable. 7. The Na(+)-dependent bound phosphate was not in the form of ATP; experiments with [(14)C]ATP instead of [(32)P]ATP showed a small and invariable binding of ATP by the preparation unaffected by Na(+) ions or time of incubation. 8. Under the usual conditions employed in this work ouabain stimulated formation of Na(+)-dependent bound phosphate when Na(+) ions were suboptimum and inhibited it when optimum Na(+) ions were present. 9. The Na(+)-dependent binding reaction under present conditions did not involve incorporation into phosphorylserine groups. 10. The relation of the findings to the (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase of the preparation, and to observations in brain slices appearing to implicate phosphorylserine groups in cation transport, is discussed.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Properties of phosphate bound to cerebral microsomes during adenosine-triphosphatase activity.
1. Ox-brain microsomes were incubated with [gamma-(32)P]ATP under various conditions. After the reaction, which was stopped with trichloroacetic acid, a small amount of phosphate remained bound to the washed precipitate. 2. Properties of the bound phosphate were studied by treatment with buffers and solvents. 3. The Na(+)-dependent increment in bound phosphate, predominant at low ATP concentration and features of which suggest involvement in the concomitant adenosine-triphosphatase activity, was rapidly released in both circumstances. 4. In aqueous media the labile phosphate was released entirely as inorganic phosphate at faster rates with increasing alkalinity. 5. In acidified chloroform-alcohol mixtures the released phosphate appeared both as inorganic phosphate and different single (32)P-labelled organic phosphates, which were tentatively identified as the relevant mono-alkyl phosphates, presumably derived by acid-catalysed alcoholysis of a labelled microsomal component, or components. 6. The labile phosphate corresponded to the P exchangeable with non-radioactive ATP added during the enzyme reaction. 7. The possible molecular nature of the labile fraction of the bound phosphate is discussed.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗