PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D A Hope

Publications and source records attributed to D A Hope.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Global social skill ratings: measures of social behavior or physical attractiveness?

Calvert reviewed the literature on social skills and physical attractiveness and concluded that many ratings of social skill may be confounded by the physical attractiveness of the target individual, possibly due to a general perception that physical attractiveness and social competence are positively correlated. In order to examine the influence of physical attractiveness on social skill ratings, Ss made global ratings of social skill and attractiveness for a confederate whose appearance and behavior had been altered to appear attractive or unattractive and socially skilled or unskilled in an assertiveness and heterosocial vignette. The results indicated that the same skilled behavior was viewed as more competent when performed by an attractive person compared to an unattractive person. Attractiveness had no influence on ratings of generally incompetent behavior. Thus, it appears that physical attractiveness does not compensate for poor interpersonal skills, but a skilled, attractive individual may be judged to have particularly good skills. Implications for the assessment of social skills are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Social anxiety in schizophrenia.

The relationship between social anxiety and positive and negative symptomatology in schizophrenia was investigated. Thirty eight inpatients with schizophrenia completed a battery of self-report measures of anxiety, a modified Stroop task, and an unstructured role play. Positive symptoms were related to fear in a number of self-report domains (i.e., social and agoraphobic). Negative symptoms were related to global observational ratings of anxiety during the role play as well as specific behaviors associated with self-reported social anxiety (i.e., speech rate and fluency). Positive symptoms generally were not associated with role play ratings. Thus, specific behaviors related to social anxiety appear to be associated with negative symptoms, while self-report is associated with positive symptoms. Problems in the assessment of social anxiety in individuals with schizophrenia and implications of these findings for social skills training in this population are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relative potency of vecuronium in male and female patients in Britain and Australia.

We compared the potency of vecuronium when given to similar patients in Brisbane, Australia, and Cardiff, United Kingdom. Forty patients in each centre were anaesthetized using the same technique with propofol, fentanyl, nitrous oxide and vecuronium either 20 or 30 micrograms kg-1 by random allocation. Neuromuscular block was measured with similar Datex Relaxographs. There was no significant difference in potency between British and Australian patients. The ED50 and ED95 for a British male of average weight were 29.5 micrograms kg-1 (95% confidence limits 27.3-32.3 micrograms kg-1) and 51.3 micrograms kg-1 (44.3-63.9 micrograms kg-1), respectively. ED50 and ED95 for Australians were 5.5% greater, with confidence limits from 4% less to 17% greater. Females were significantly more sensitive to vecuronium than males, requiring 22% less drug to achieve the same degree of neuromuscular block (confidence limits 12-32%). The results are consistent with the ED50 being independent of body weight when the dose is expressed as microgram kg-2/3, but not as microgram or microgram kg-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The revised Stroop color-naming task in social phobics.

Information processing was examined in a sample of social phobic individuals using a revised version of the Stroop color-naming task. In the first of two experiments, the response latencies of social phobics and matched community controls were compared when color-naming socially threatening words, physically threatening words and color words. Social phobics demonstrated greater response latencies regardless of type of stimulus word and additional interference in color-naming social threat words compared to the control group. The second experiment examined the cognitive structural change that has been hypothesized to accompany successful treatment of individuals with an anxiety disorder. Social phobics who were treated with cognitive-behavioral group therapy, phenelzine or pill placebo were classified as treatment responders or nonresponders, and their latencies to color-naming on the Stroop task were compared. Treatment responders showed a significant reduction in latencies to color-name social threat words (vs matched control words) while nonresponders did not. This effect was not demonstrated with color words or physically threatening words. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Avoidant personality disorder and the generalized subtype of social phobia.

Social phobia and avoidant personality disorder (APD) may be given as comorbid diagnoses. However, it is not known if the labels provide independent, useful diagnostic information. We classified social phobics by social phobia subtype and presence of APD. Generalized social phobics with and without APD (ns = 10 and 10) and nongeneralized social phobics without APD (n = 10) were distinguished on measures of phobic severity. The generalized groups also showed earlier age at onset and higher scores on measures of depression, fear of negative evaluation, and social anxiety and avoidance than did the nongeneralized group. APD criteria of general timidity and risk aversion were more frequently endorsed by social phobics with APD. The data suggest that both the generalized subtype of social phobia and the presence of APD do provide useful diagnostic information but the additional diagnosis of APD may simply identify a severe subgroup of social phobics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder.

Disorders of pervasive social anxiety and inhibition are divided into 2 categories, generalized social phobia (GSP) and avoidant personality disorder (APD). We explored the discriminative validity of this categorization by examining the comorbidity of GSP and APD and by comparing these groups on anxiety level, social skills, dysfunctional cognitions, impairment in functioning, and presence of concurrent disorders. Results from 23 subjects showed high comorbidity of the 2 diagnoses: All subjects who met criteria for APD also met criteria for GSP. APD was associated with greater social anxiety, impairment in functioning, and comorbidity with other psychopathology, but no differences in social skills or performance on an impromptu speech. GSP and APD seem to represent quantitatively different variants of the same spectrum of psychopathology rather than qualitatively distinct disorders. We also investigated a proposed social phobia subtyping scheme.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Amino acid and cDNA sequences of a vascular endothelial cell mitogen that is homologous to platelet-derived growth factor.

Glioma-derived vascular endothelial cell growth factor (GD-VEGF) is a 46-kDa dimeric glycoprotein mitogen with apparently greater specificity for vascular endothelial cells than the well-characterized fibroblast growth factors. The GD-VEGF cDNA sequence encodes a 190-amino acid residue subunit that is converted, by removal of an amino-terminal hydrophobic secretory leader sequence, to the mature 164-residue subunit characterized by direct amino acid sequencing. The GD-VEGF homodimeric subunit is homologous to the platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and its oncogene homologue v-sis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

DSM-III-R subtypes of social phobia. Comparison of generalized social phobics and public speaking phobics.

Social phobic patients who fear most or all social interaction situations are labeled generalized social phobics in DSM-III-R. Thirty-five patients who met this criterion were compared with 22 social phobic patients whose fears were restricted to public speaking situations. Generalized social phobics were younger, less educated, and less likely to be employed, and their phobias were rated by clinical interviewers as more severe than those of public speaking phobics. Generalized social phobics appeared more anxious and more depressed and expressed greater fears concerning negative social evaluation. They performed more poorly on individualized behavioral tests and differed from public speaking phobics in their responses to cognitive assessment tasks. The two groups showed marked differences in their patterns of heart rate acceleration during the behavioral test. The implications of these findings for the classification and treatment of social phobic individuals are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Public and private self-consciousness and social phobia.

The relationship between public and private self-consciousness and self-report questionnaires, clinician ratings, and various measures derived from an individualized simulation of an anxiety-provoking situation was examined in a sample of men and women seeking treatment for social phobia. As predicted, public, not private, self-consciousness was generally related to self-report and naive observer ratings of anxiety and to behavioral disruption during the simulation. The predicted relationship between public self-consciousness and how accurately subjects evaluated their performance in the anxiety-provoking situation was marginally supported. Hypotheses regarding the relationship between private self-consciousness and self-reported anxiety during an anxiety-provoking situation, and between private self-consciousness and the correspondence between physiological assessment and self-report, were not supported. The discussion focuses on methodological issues and the theoretical implications of the relationship between self-consciousness and social anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between ADIS clinician's severity rating and self-report measures among social phobics.

Although global clinical rating scales have been a mainstay of clinical research, little is known about the relationship between these measures and other assessment modalities. The present study examined the Clinician's Severity Rating (CSR) from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule in a sample of 186 social phobics. It was hypothesized that the CSR would be related to higher fear of negative evaluation, behavioral avoidance, social anxiety, and dysphoria, and that four self-report measures reflecting each of these common features of social phobia would contribute individually to predict clinicians' judgments of clinical severity using the CSR. Multiple regression analyses supported these hypotheses, accounting for nearly 33% of the variance in the CSR. The role of subtype of social phobia was also investigated. Overall, these results support the utility of the CSR for use with social phobics, but the relatively low proportion of variance accounted for raises further questions. Directions for future research are also discussed.

Adolescent↗